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FRED  LOCKLEY 

RARE  MffSTEliN  BOOKS 

1243  East  Stark  St. 
PORTLAND.  ORE. 


RESOURCES 


-OF- 


Santa  Barbara  County 

CALIFORNIA 


REPORT  OF 

CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE 
\90\ 


SANTA  BARBARA,  CAL.: 

C.  L.  Donohoe,  Printer,  Binder  and  Blank  Book  Mfg. 

1901 


^  S.  «D  ^  ^ 


INDEX. 


Semi-Annual  Address  of  the  President 

Santa  Barbara  County .  . . 

Gecgrapical  Description 

Climatic  Conditions 

Comparative  Table.  

Comparative  Teniperatiires 

The  Foothill  Region 

Monthly  Relative  Humidity  of  Points  in  California 

Agriculture     

Marltet  Report  of  the  City  of  Santa  Barbara— Vegetables  . 
Arboricull  ure  and  Horticulture 

Market  Report  of  the  City  of  Santa  Barbara  —  Fruits 

Floriculture 

Mineral  Resources 

Metallic  Minerals 

Non-metallic  Minerals 

Gypsum . 

Alabaster 

Selenite 

Lithographic  Stone 

Diatomaceous  Earth 

Aspbaltum 

Petroleum 

Marine  Products 

Mineral  Waters 

Santa  Barbara  Hot  Springs 

San  Marcos  Hot  Springs 

Stagweil  Sulphur  Springs 

Burton  Mound  Sulphur  Springs 

Medicinal  Waters  for  export 41-  42 

Analysis  of  Veronica  Water 41 

Analysis  of  Bythinia  Water 41 

Analysis  of  Santa  Barbara  Water 42 

Santa  Barbara  County  —  Southern  Division 43 

The  Carpinteria  Valley 43-  45 

El  Montecito 45-47 

Goleta 47-48 

Naples-. 48-49 

City  of  Santa  Barbara 50-  75 

General  Description 

Municipal 

Private  Schools 

Public  Library 

Churches 

Hospitals 

Financial 

Mercantile 

Indus  trial 

Professional 

Publications 

Hotels 


PAGE 

5- 

■  8 

9- 

42 

9- 

10 

11- 

13 

14 

15 

16- 

17 

18 

19- 

21 

22 

•23- 

25 

26 

27 

28- 

29 

29- 

30 

30- 

35 

30 

30 

30 

30 

31 

32- 

33 

33- 

35 

36- 

39 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

50- 

52 

53 

54 

54 

54 

54 

55 

55 

55- 

56 

56 

57 

57 

57 

614120 

UBRAIty 


City  of  Siiuta  Barbara— (Joutiuueii :  page 

(Corporations 57-  59 

Clubs 

Yachting 

Fisliing 

Sea  Bathing 

Ocean  Temperatures 

Health 

Comparative  Mortality  Table 

Saata  Barbara  Post  Olflce 

Railroad  Shipments 

Port  Shipments  and  Receipts 

County  Assessor's  Report  (extract) .'   ...    . 

City  Assessor's  Report  (extract) 

Rates  of  Taxation  for  Santa  Barbara  County,  1900 

Indebtedness  of  the  City   

School  Bonds  outstanding  July  1st,  1900  

Santa  Barbara  County  —  Northern  Division  

Lompoc 

Transportation .     . 

Municipal 

Schools 

Banking 

Societies  and  Churches  

Commercial    

Real  Estate  

Railroad  Shipments 

Dairying 

Stock  Raising 

Grain 

Sugar  Beets 

Market  Produce 

Mustard  Seed 

Beans 

Apples 

Farm  Lands  

Santa  Ynez 

Ballard 

Los  Olivos ... 

Los  Alamos 

Santa  Maria 89 

Transportation 85 

Municipal 86 

Schools  and  Churches 86 

Banking 86 

Mercantile    86 

Press 86 

Industries  . . 86 

Asphaltum..  86-87 

Garey 88 

Guadalupe 88-  89 

Betteravia 89 

Channel  Islands 90-91 

Special  Articles       92-106 

Market  Gardening 92-  94 

Mustard 95_  96 

The  Olive 96-97 

The  Lemon 97-101 

English  Walnuts 101-104 

Forest  Reserve 104-106 

Reference  Index jOy 

Members  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Santa  Barbara 108-119 


59- 

-  63 

63-  64 

64 

65 

65 

66- 

68 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76- 

•  89 

77- 

■  82 

78 

78 

78 

78 

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79 

79 

79 

79- 

80 

80 

80- 

81 

81 

81 

81 

82 

82 

83 

82-  84 

84 

84 

85 

SEMI-ANNUAL    ADDRESS 

OF   THE 

PRESIDENT. 


To  the  Members  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 

Gentlemen: — With  the  closing  of  m^'  tenn,  as  3'our 
presiding  officer,  it  becomes  my  pleasant  dutj'  to  set 
before  you  the  work  of  this  organization  for  the  past 
six  months,  and  to  make  such  recommendations  for 
further  extensions  as  past  experience  dictates  to  be  of 
paramount  importance. 

In  the  entire  history  of  the  nation,  there  has  never 
been  a  period  so  full  of  promise  of  stable  progress  and 
conservative  prosperity,  as  that  w^hich  now  unfolds  be- 
fore us  with  the  dawn  of  the  twentieth  century. 

With  the  affairs  of  the  National  Government  firmlj' 
established  on  well  tried  lines  for  the  next  four  years, 
with  the  general  commercial  and  industrial  life  of  the 
nation  flowing  in  a  mighty  tide,  with  high  hopes  and 
aims  before  us,  ever^^  section  of  the  countrj-  looks  for- 
ward with  confidence  to  the  coming  years. 

Events  have  moved  with  startling  rapidity,  and 
today,  we,  of  the  Pacific  Coast  States,  no  longer  find 
ourselves  the  end,  but  the  center  of  the  nation. 

Such  marked  changes  bring  in  their  train  new  duties 
and  responsibilities,  new  channels  of  venture  and  enter- 
prise, which  open  out  before  us,  and,  as  we  grasp  the 
opportunities  offered,  so  will  our  success  or  failure  be 
measured. 

It  is  gratifying  to  the  commercial  interests  of  our 
great  state  to  know,  that  during  the  last  decade,   the 


CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


cities  and  conimunitievS  of  California  have  held  tlieir 
own  in  the  race  for  progress,  in  spite  of  many  draw- 
backs. Particularly  is  this  true  of  Southern  California^ 
of  which  we  form  an  integral  part,  for,  according  to 
the  last  census.  Southern  California  is  found  to  be 
among  the  first  sections  in  the  rapidity'  of  her  growth, 
and  the  extension  of  her  enterprise. 

Southern  California's  great  horticultural  interests, 
are  no  longer  new  experiments  but  established  facts, 
which  the  systematic  development  of  her  natural  v^^ater 
supplies,  during  the  last  three  years,  has  rendered, 
doubly  secure  in  the  majority  of  sections. 

The  wonderful  development  of  petroleum  during  the 
past  3^ear,  promises  to  place  it  in  the  first  rank  of  her 
industries  at  no  distant  date. 

The  one  essential  feature  lacking  in  Southern  Cali- 
fomia's  advance  has  been  the  ^vant  of  cheap  fuel.  With 
the  advent  of  an  abundance  of  petroleum,  for  general 
commercial  uses,  this  is  eliminated  and  the  next  decade 
will  probabh^  see  Southern  California  outranking  all 
other  sections  of  the  state  in  the  rapid  growth  of  her 
manufacturing  industries.  Thus  a  new  era  of  prosper- 
ity opens  for  us  in  our  immediate  section. 

Both  in  the  citj^  and  county  of  Santa  Barbara  the 
signs  of  immediate  and  prospective  advance  are  not 
lacking.  With  the  completion  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad  shore  line,  Santa  Barbara  is  at  last  upon  the 
main  line  of  tourist  travel  from  the  East,  while  the 
countiy  districts  through  which  the  road  passes,  are 
brought  into  immediate  connection  with  the  city. 

Thus,  easity  reached  from  north  and  south,  with  its 
fine  new  bath  house  assured,  and  the  promise  of  an  ex- 
tensive hotel  and  cottage  accommodations  along  the 
shore,  the  cit}^  will  at  once  take  the  front  rank  as  Cali- 
fornia's most  famous  summer  resort,  the  same  position 
that  it  now  holds  in  regard  to  the  winter  season. 

By  this  brief  review  of  the  situation,  as  it  presents 
itself,  it  may  be  readily  appreciated  by  our  business 
community  how  essentialh'  important  it  is  to  the  gen- 
eral ^velfare,  to  put  forth  even  more  strenuous  efforts 


SANTA  BARBARA,   CAlv. 


than  heretofore,  in  the  endeavor  to  carr^^  to  a  success- 
ful issue  the  many  pressing  affairs  which  demand  their 
immediate  consideration. 

In  presenting  to  you  a  general  summary  of  such 
matters  as  have  come  before  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
for  action  during  the  past  term,  the  following  should 
be  mentioned  as  of  main  importance. 

While  it  is  not  strictly  veithin  the  province  of  this 
Chamber  to  expend  money  in  improving  private,  mu- 
nicipal or  count}^  property,  yet  v^e  have  so  far  digressed 
as  to  repair  Palm  Avenue  in  this  city  and  extend 
Mountain  Drive  to  connect  with  Cold  Springs  Road. 

We  are  justly  proud  of  our  work  regarding  the  new 
bath  house.  Much  time  and  effort  and  a  considerable 
amount  of  money  have  been  expended  in  bringing  this 
matter  to  a  successful  issue.  Our  contract  with  the 
builders  calls  for  only  a  ten  thousand  dollar  structure; 
but  w^e  shall  have  instead,  one  that  wall  cost  fully  fifty 
thousand  dollars  when  completed  and  equipped. 

It  w^as  the  direct  efforts  of  this  Chamber  which 
caused  a  bill  to  be  introduced  at  the  last  session  of  Con* 
gress,  appropriating  $85,000  for  a  Federal  building 
in  this  city.  The  bill  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  proper 
House  Committee,  backed  by  our  Congressman  and 
both  Senators  from  this  state. 

The  establishing  of  rural  free  deliver^'  mail  service 
over  a  contiguous  territory  of  over  sixty  miles  in  extent 
in  this  county,  is  attributable  to  the  efforts  of  this 
Chamber. 

We  have  secured  deeds  to  lands  along  the  Ocean 
Drive,  adding  fifty  feet  to  the  width  of  that  popuhir 
highw^ay  and  making  it  possible  to  ornament  the  same 
by  the  planting  of  trees. 

The  influence  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  has  been 
appreciably  felt  by  the  National  Irrigation  Association; 
b}^  the  Inter-state  Commerce  Commission;  by  our  State 
Board  of  Trade;  the  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  many  other  industrial  associations;  also  in 
the  halls  of  Congress,  favoring  the  Nicarauguan  Canal, 
the  protection  of  forests,  the  extension  of  National  res- 


8  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


crvations  in  this  county,  the  protection  of  our  Channel, 
and  other  matters  of  public  interest. 

We  have  advertised  abroad  the  fact  that  we  have 
the  desired  natural  resources  for  manufacturing  pur- 
poses, and  good  results  are  sure  to  follow. 

It  is  easier  and  possibly  more  in  keeping  with  my 
mission  to  call  attention  to  what  has  been  accom- 
plished, rather  than  to  point  out  what  is  to  be,  or 
should  be  done.  However,  I  cannot  refrain  from 
making  the  statement  that  the  importance  of  the 
Santa  Barbara  Channel  seems  but  poorly  understood 
or  appreciated.  This  is  the  real  foundation  of  Santa 
Barbara's  future  prosperity. 

Among  our  immediate  needs,  as  I  see  them,  are: 
a  number  of  seaside  cottages  supplemental  to  the  new 
bath  house;  a  new  city  hall;  a  new  library  building; 
more  good  modern  cottages  built  for  rent;  better  rail- 
road facilities  and  depot  accommodations  and,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  county  in  general,  we  need  better  roads; 
more  extended  rural  delivery;  a  state  highway  to  the  in- 
terior; more  small  farms,  and  the  government  conserv^- 
ation  of  storm  water. 

It  is  with  deep  sorrow  that  I  report  the  death  of 
three  of  our  members  during  the  past  year,  H.  D.  Vail, 
A.  Garland  and  J.  M.  Forbes,  each  having  endeared 
himself  to  the  community  by  characteristics  peculiarh- 
his  o\vn.  In  the  death  of  these  most  respected  citizens, 
the  Chamber  and  the  entire  community'  have  met  with 
deep  affliction. 

During  my  term  of  office  I  have  considered  the  inter- 
ests of  the  Chamber  paramount  to  all  others,  and 
desire  to  thank  the  members  for  their  many  kind  court- 
esies, patience  and  consideration  extended  to  me  at  all 
times,  whether  present  or  absent.  I  no^v  retire  from 
the  honorable  position  to  which  you  called  me,  but  in 
doing  so,  I  wish  to  assure  a'Ou,  that  I  lose  no  interest 
in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  or  the  community  it 
represents. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

O.  W.  Maulsby. 


SANTA    BARBARA    COUNTY, 


GEOGRAPHICAL    DESCRIPTION. 

Santa  Barbara  County  is  located  on  the  southwest 
coast  of  the  State  of  California,  bordering  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  250  miles  northwest  of  the  Mexican 
boundary,  crossed  by  the  35th  parallel  of  latitude,  a 
parallelogram  in  form;  its  entire  southern  and  western 
boundaries  are  washed  by  the  Pacific  Ocean;  it  is  there- 
fore the  sole  body  of  land  of  anj'  considerable  extent 
on  the  w-estem  coast  of  the  United  States,  that  has 
a  southerly  exposure  to  the  Pacific  ocean — the  chief 
factor  in  producing  its  wonderful  climate.  (See  cli- 
matic report.) 

The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Santa  Ynez  moun- 
tain range,  whose  trend  is  very  nearh^  east  and  west. 
It  is  thus  divided  into  t\vo  portions,  a  northern  and  a 
southern,  of  which  the  former  is  more  extensive.  The 
northern  portion  contains  four  valle3^s,  enclosed  b3' 
mountains  and  foothills.  The  southern  portion 
throughout  its  entire  length  is  open  to  the  ocean. 

Directly  south  of  the  county  lies  a  group  of  four 
islands,  from  28  to  40  miles  distant  from  the  main 
land.  The  two  largest,  Santa  Rosa  and  Santa  Cruz, 
are  embraced  within  the  county  limits.  The  general 
conformation  of  the  islands  is  mountainous,  intersected 
by  small  valleys  and  considerable  upland;  at  certain 
points  the  mountain  elevations  reach  three  thousand 
feet. 

The  county,  aside  from  the  islands,  is  70  miles  in 
length  by  35  miles  in  breadth,  representing  an  area  of 
2450    square  miles,    to    which    the    islands    add    one 


10  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

hundred  and  eighty  more,  a  total  of  2630  square  miles. 

The  extent  of  the  county  is  therefore  about  twice  that 

of  the  State  of  Rhode   Island,   and  considerabh'  more 

than  half  of  the  State  of  Connecticut. 

An  estimate  of  the  land  in  the  county  available  for 

practical  use,   both     agricultural   and    grazing  lands, 

together  with  the  names  of  the  valleys  to  which  they 

belong,  are  herewith  appended: 

vSanta  Maria  Valley 250,000  acres 

Los  Alamos  Valley 150,000  acres 

Lompoc  Valley....! 230,000  acres 

Santa  Ynez  Valley 200,000  acres 

Santa  Barbara  Valley 180,000  acres 

Two  Islands 100,000  acres 

Total 1,110,000  acres 

Geographically  divided,  the  first  four  valleys  com- 
prise that  portion  of  the  county  north  of  the  Santa 
Ynez  range  of  mountains;  the  Santa  Barbara  valley, 
consisting  of  the  portion  lying  betw^een  the  mountains 
and  the  ocean  Upon  the  south. 

In  the  following  report  upon  the  resources  of  the 
County  of  Santa  Barbara  the  natural  geographical 
divisions  are  followed  and  the  sub-divisions  described 
as  the  northern  and  southern  divisions  respectivel^^ 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  11 


CLIMATIC    CONDITIONS. 


The  climatic  superiority  of  Southern  California  in 
general  is  so  universallj^  conceded  that  discussion  seems 
unnecessary.  Correct  knowledge  of  the  summer  sea- 
son, however,  is  generally  lacking.  Popular  error  hav- 
ing classed  Southern  California,  with  regard  to  its  ex- 
tensive territor3^,  as  a  drj^,  hot  climate  during  the  sum- 
mer. So  firmlj^  has  this  erroneous  impression  be- 
come fixed,  that  it  is  difficult  to  eradicate. 

It  can  he  authenticalh'  stated,  however,  that  during 
the  summer  months,  no  portion  of  the  Atlantic  coast 
can  compare  in  equableness  and  temperateness  of  cli- 
mate, lack  of  heat  or  cold,  day  or  night,  with  the 
southern  shore  of  California. 

Briefly,  it  may  be  stated,  that  when  the  marked 
superiority  of  the  summer  climatic  conditions  of  the 
southern  shore  of  California  become  generally  recog- 
nized, its  unbounded  popularity  will  fully  ecjual  that  of 
the  winter  months. 

The  climatic  conditions  governing  Santa  Barbara 
County,  are  well  represented  bj^  tw^o  divisions,  follow^- 
ing  closely,  the  geographical  divisions  in  their  nature. 

The  climate  north  of  the  Santa  Ynez  Range,  being 
warm  in  the  summer,  moderated  by  the  trade  winds 
from  the  Pacific,  cool  and  bracing  in  the  winter,  with 
occasional  frosts. 

At  all  times  moderate,  even  in  its  extremes,  this  sec- 
tion is  remarkable  for  its  even  temperature  throughout 
the  year,  and  the  bracing  effects  of  its  atmospheric 
conditions. 

That  portion  of  the  County  of  Santa  Barbara  south 
of  the  Santa  Ynez  range,  described    as  the  southern  • 


12  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

division,  presents  climatic    conditions,    unique    in   its 
features,  and  probably  unequalled  in  the  world. 

It  is  protected  on  the  north,  east  and  west  b}-  the 
mountain  range,  on  the  south  by  the  channel  islands, 
and  has  the  onh'  extensive  southern  exposure  to  be 
found  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  the  United  States.  The 
meeting  point  of  the  v^arm  ocean  currents  from  the 
south,  and  the  colder  currents  from  the  north  on  its 
western  extremity,  its  placid  channel  devoid  of  wind 
storms,  refracting  the  sun's  rays  upon  its  slopes;  thus 
land-locked  and  protected  by  nature  from  every  point, 
it  enjoys  a  continuous  spring,  a  mild  and  eqtiable 
climate  throughout  the  yecir,  impossible  to  equal. 

As  a  result,  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara  and  its  imme- 
diate vicinitA^  stand  pre-eminent  in  climatic  conditions, 
and  the  growing  popularity  of  this  resort  places  it  first 
in  rank,  over  any  other  locality  in  the  world  of  a  sim- 
ilar nature,  as  a  place  of  residence  throughout  all 
seasons  of  the  year. 

While  statistical  information  will  necessarih'  be 
confined  to  the  briefest  and  most  comprehensible  form, 
reliable  statements  are  essential  to  present  an  adequate 
idea  of  the  possibilities  of  Santa  Barbara's  climate,  and 
the  chief  characteristics  governing  the  conditions  of 
this  famous  locality. 

The  following  summary-  is  based  upon  meteorolog- 
ical records,  covering  a  period  of  fifteen  years,  tabu- 
lated within  the  citj^  of  Santa  Barbara,  less  than  a  mile 
from  the  ocean,  at  an  elevation  above  the  sea  level  of 
one  hundred  feet,  and  represent  the  conditions  govern- 
ing the  lower  lands,  in  general,  for  fifteen  miles  east  and 
west  respectively  of  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara. 

No.  1.  The  average  temperature  during  the  year 
shows  but  three  days  when  the  maximum  reaches  90° 
and  fifteen  days  when  the  minimum  may  fall  below  40°. 

No.  2.  During  the  last  fifteen  3'ears  but  two  dsLxs 
have  registered  as  high  as  100°,  both  occasions  being 
due  to  forest  fires  in  the  mountain  regions. 

No.  3.    The  lowest  temperatures  ever  recorded  were 
■  as  follows:    One  day  in  1888,  281/2°;    one  day  in  1899, 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  13 

29°;  one  da^^  in  1897,  32°;  all  temperatures  registered 
before  sunrise;  the  noon  hour  showing  a  rise  in  temper- 
ature from  twenty-  to  thirt^'degeers. 

No.  4.  The  greatest  movement  in  one  day  ever 
recorded,  was  402  miles  for  the  24  hours,  an  average  of 
not  quite  17  miles  per  hour. 

No.  5.  The  average  velocity  of  wind  during  the 
past  eleven  years  has  been  4  miles  per  hour,  divided 
nearly  equalh-  between  summer  and  winter. 

No.  6.  The  mean  annual  relative  liumiditA'  is  71°; 
summer  75°  and  winter  67°. 

No.  7.  Absoluteh^  clear  days  during  the  year  241; 
fair  days  56;  cloudy-  68;  rainy  32. 

By  a  comparison  of  the  foregoing  brief  summary 
with  the  meteorological  tabulations  of  other  well 
known  localities,  it  will  be  immediately  demonstrated 
that  Santa  Barbara's  climatic  conditions,  represent  the 
highest  standard  in  the  world,  of  which  am-  known 
record  exists,  where  all  the  factors  are  based,  not  upon 
one  or  two  specialties  but  upon  the  fundamental  princi- 
ples of  general  excellence,  comprising  the  four  essential 
points  as  represented  by  temperture,  wind  and  humid- 
ity, together  with  the  greatest  amount  of  sunshine. 

The  following  simple  comparative  table  will  give  a 
clear  idea  of  Santa  Barbara's  climatic  range,  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  eastern  cities,  the  month  of  Ma3^  in 
the  latter  being  compared  with  all  the  months  of  the 
year  at  Santa  Barbara. 

The  wonderful  eveness  of  temperature  in  this  local 
ity  may  thus  be  readil^^  understood,  when  it  is  apparent 
that  the  difference  of  temperature  in  Santa  Barbara, 
throughout  the  year,  is  less  than  the  difference  between 
Portland,  Maine,  and  Philadelphia  in  the  one  month  of 
May. 

(For  standard  climatic  report  and  tabulations  of 
Santa  Barbara,  see  Reference  Index.) 


14 


CHAMBER    OF   COMMERCE, 


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SANTA   BARBARA,    CAL. 


15 


COMPARATIVE  TEMPERATURES. 


An  examination  of  the  following  comparative  table 
of  temperatures  between  Atlantic  City  and  Santa  Bar- 
bara, will  show  the  latter  has  no  month  as  cold  as 
April  at  Atlantic  City,  and  no  month  as  warm  as  June 
at  the  same  locality. 

The  perfect  summer  climate  of  Santa  Barbara  can 
thus  be  fulh^  appreciated. 

MONTHLY    MEANS. 


AT  ATLANTIC  CITY. 


Januarj^ 31.9° 

February 33.4° 

March 37.9° 

April 46.4° 

May 57.1° 

June 66.8° 

July 72.4° 

August 72° 

September 67.1° 

October 57° 

November 44.5° 

December 35.8° 

Winter 33.7° 

Summer 70.4° 


AT  SANTA  BARBARA. 


January' 53° 

February- 54.3° 

March 55.2° 

April 57.8° 

May 59.1° 

June, 62.6° 

July 64.8° 

August 66.6° 

September 66.4° 

October 62.9° 

November 58.9° 

December 55.5° 

Winter 55° 

Summer 64.7° 


16  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


THE  FOOTHILL  REGION. 


Between  the  Santa  Barbara  valley  and  the  Santa 
Ynez  mountains,  from  one  to  five  miles  distant  from 
the  ocean,  covering  an  area  of  from  one  to  three  miles 
in  width  and  parallel  with  the  range  the  entire  length 
of  the  valley  from  east  to  west,  lies  the  Santa  Barbara 
foothill  region. 

Easy  of  access,  in  general,  consisting  of  sloping 
benches  and  uplands,  broken  at  intervals  by  sheltered 
can3^ons,  with  elevation  varj-ing  from  five  hundred  to 
one  thousand  feet  before  the  base  of  the  mountain 
range  is  reached. 

Protected  by  the  mountain  range  immediately  be- 
hind it,  wdth  a  southern  exposure  towards  the  Santa 
Barbara  channel,  w^hich  it  overlooks  for  miles,  this  re- 
gion secures  the  full  benefit  of  the  continuous  sunshine 
and  the  refraction  from  the  ocean  upon  its  slopes, 
while  the  warm  currents  of  air  rise  and  drifting 
through  the  hills,  temper  the  constant  light  breezes 
from  the  ocean  to  greater  mildness  and  dryness. 

This  section,  therefore,  enjoys  particular  climatic 
features  of  its  own  which  will  eventualh'  tend  to  make 
it  pre-eminent  as  the  chief  resident  section,  among 
suburban  localities  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  citj^  of 
Santa  Barbara,  where  the  mildest  of  climate  with  the 
greatest  possible  dr^mess  are  prime  factors  of  import- 
ance in  the  selection  of  permanent  residences. 

While  the  climatic  conditions  of  the  valley  lands  and 
shore  are  well  represented  by  the  meteorological  obser- 
vations recorded  at  the  cit\^  of  Santa  Barbara,  the  con- 
ditions governing  the  higher  altitudes  of  the  foothill 
region,  have  received  no  attention  until  the  last  three 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  17 

years,  since  which  time  valuable  records  have  been  se- 
cured at  an  elevation  850  feet  above  sea  level  at  Pine 
Crest,  located  at  the  head  of  Mission  Canyon,  two 
miles  from  the  city  limits  of  Santa  Barbara,  which  rep- 
resents the  climatic  conditions  of  the  higher  elevations 
in  general.  From  these  observations  it  is  apparent 
that  the  foothill  region  possesses  a  somew^hat  warmer 
climate  winter  and  summer,  an  increase  of  sunshine  and 
a  drier  atmosphere,  than  shown  by  the  city  records. 
Its  marked  characteristic  of  excellence  being,  however, 
the  drj'  atmospheric  conditions  prevailing  at  all  seasons 
of  the  year,  giving  an  annual  relative  humidity  of  but 
63°  or  16°  below  that  of  the  extreme  southern  coast  of 
California,  and  froin  1  to  7  degrees  below  certain  inter- 
ior points  as  far  east  as  the  San  Bernardino  range. 

In  the  possession  of  this  region,  in  connection  with 
its  valley  land  and  ocean  shore,  giving  unequalled  range 
of  climatic  conditions,  Santa  Barbara  stands  alone 
among  the  coast  resorts  of  Southern  California,  and  is 
therefore  classed  as  the  Riviera  of  America. 

The  following  comparative  table  of  monthly  relative 
humidity  represents  the  atmospherical  conditions  oi 
this  section : 


18 


CHA  M 


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SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  19 


AGRICULTURE. 


The  practical  values  of  the  soils  of  Santa  Barbara 
county,  their  scope  and  possibilities,  together  with  the 
climate,  constitute  the  dominant  factors  to  be  consid- 
ered in  the  successful  culture  and  growth  of  any  article 
upon  a  commercial  scale. 

The  widely  different  chemical  properties  in  the  soils, 
exposures  to  wind  and  heat,  amount  of  moisture,  eleva- 
tions, etc.,  make  the  agricultural  problem  one  of  exceed- 
ing interest,  but  one  which  only  long  and  intelligent 
experiment  can  eventualh^  fully  solve. 

Sufficient  kno^wdedge,  however,  has  been  acc^uired  by 
the  multitude  of  individual  interests  during  the  last  two 
decades  to  generalize  marked  differences,  and  point  out 
to  the  conservative  investigator  the  elementary  condi- 
tions and  practice  vvrhich  make  success  possible. 

The  fertility  of  the  soil  is  owing,  in  a  great  measure, 
to  the  fact  that  the  coast  range  of  mountains  is  a  Ter- 
tiary formation.  During  the  Tertiary  period  a  warm 
and  equable  climate  prevailed  for  a  long  period  of  time. 
It  was  characterized  by  a  very  luxuriant  vegetation 
and  a  great  development  of  animal  life.  The  rocks  and 
shales  of  these  mountains  are  still  rich  in  its  remains. 
Shells  of  mammoth  oysters  and  of  smaller  shellfish  are 
abundant,  as  well  as  the  remains  of  marine  animals  and 
of  plant  life.  From  the  disintegration  of  these  rocks, 
with  their  organic  remains,  have  been  formed  the  un- 
rivaled alluvial  soils  that  lie  at  the  base  of  these  moun- 
tains. By  reason  of  this  origin  they  are  charged  with 
an  abundant  supply  of  phosphates,  sulphates,  silicates, 
and  carbonates  of  lime,  potash  and  magnesia,  all  of 
which  are  necessary  ingredients  in  a  rich  and  productive 


20  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


soil.  Thc_v  ha\X'  also  1)ecn  enriched  b_v  the  decfiyin^ 
vegetation  of  succeedin;^-  centuries,  so  that  thc\v  possess 
a  sur])liis  of  food  for  j)lant  growth.  The  presence  of 
dense  thickets  of  almost  impenetrable  chaparral  over 
large  ])ortions  of  the  mountain  sides,  even  to  the  very 
top,  is  evidence  of  fertility.  That  the  composition  of 
the  soil  varies  according  to  the  rocks  from  which  it 
originates  will  be  evident  by  comparing  the  productive- 
ness of  this  soil  with  that  formed  by  the  decomposition 
of  granite  and  gneiss,  which  constitute  the  chief  mate- 
rial of  the  mountain  ranges  of  the  primitive  rocks. 

Of  the  soils  of  Santa  Barbara  county  the  best  is  the 
alluvial  soil  generally,  low,  level,  deep  and  exceedingl3" 
fertile.  When  very  deep  or  underlaid  wnth  clay,  it  has 
great  power  for  enduring  drought.  If  underlaid  with 
gravel  at  a  depth  of  a  few  feet  it  is  of  much  less  value. 
The  consistency  of  this  soil  varies  from  a  garden  loam 
to  a  higher  percentage  of  sand  mixture.  It  is  in  great 
demand,  particularly  for  the  growth  of  the  English 
walnut. 

For  large  and  sure  returns  this  is  the  best  soil  we 
have.  Other  soils  are  also  valuable.  There  are  patches 
and  tracts  of  alluvial  land  on  the  mesa  or  uplands. 
These  are  sometimes  nearh' equal  to  the  valley  alluvials, 
and,  being  drier,  are,  for  some  purposes,  even  better. 
There  are  many  hillsides,  especially  the  northern  slopes, 
that,  even  when  ver\'  steep,  have  deep,  rich  soils,  yery 
much  like  the  alluvials ;  but,  as  the^-  are  apt  to  wash 
badly  w^hen  freshly  plowed,  need  to  be  tilled  with  great 
care,  or  kept  for  forest  culture  and  pasturage.  It  is  on 
these  fertile  slopes,  when  removed  a  little  froin  the  sea, 
and  not  too  steep,  that  the  best  land  is  found  for  the 
olive  and  grape,  though  the  latter  should  have  a  south- 
ern exposure. 

There  remain  the  adobe  soils.  The  adobe  soils  vary 
greatly  in  color  and  consistency-  from  the  heavy  red 
claA^s  found  on  the  foothills,  excellent  for  olive  and  vine 
culture,  to  the  pure  black  adobe.  This  latter  is  difficult 
to  work  except  at  the  proper  season,  but  furnishes  the 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  21 

best  lands  for  barley,  wheat  and  flax,  and  is  unrivaled 
for  pasturage. 

Until  recent  years  the  proper  methods  of  bringing  the 
Western  adobe  lands  into  tilth  were  unknown.  By 
constant  experiment,  however,  it  has  been  demon- 
strated thfit  for  grain  culture  in  particular  the  adobe 
soils  are  among  the  richest  in  the  State  and  show  the 
highest  stfindard  of  excellence  in  the  maintenance  of 
their  productive  qualities. 

While  the  agricultural  products  of  the  county  are 
described  under  their  respective  districts,  the  following 
brief  summar^^  of  staple  products  in  the  two  subdivi- 
sions of  the  county-  shows  the  relative  positions  in  pro- 
duction. The  northern  division  of  the  county  of  Santa 
Barbara  is  essentially  the  center  of  the  grain  and  hay 
industries — barley,  wheat  and  oats,  both  in  grain  and 
hay,  alfalfa  and  other  fodder  grasses. 

The  sugar  beet,  mustard,  potatoes,  l^eans  and  all 
vegetables  are  staple  industries  of  importance. 

The  southern  division  of  the  county,  while  contain- 
ing extensive  areas  producing  ha\'  and  grains  of  simikir 
character,  is  more  especially  devoted  to  horticulture, 
the  extensive  lima  and  other  bean  crops,  vegetalDies  and 
general  market  gardening,  comprising  its  main  agricul- 
tural productions. 

The  following  table  gives  a  fair  idea  of  the  product 
of  agriculture  supplied  on  a  commercial  scale  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  with  the 
relative  months  of  production  and  retail  market  prices : 


22  CHAMBER   OF  COMMERCE, 


MARKET    REPORT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    SANTA 
BARBARA-VEGETABLES. 

Artichokes Dec.   to  Sept 25  to  75  cts.  doz. 

Asparagus Mar.  to  Sept 5  to  25  cts.  lb. 

Beans,  string Apr.  to  Jan 3  to  15  cts.  lb. 

Beans,  Lima Sept.  to  Dec 3  to    8  cts.  lb. 

Beets Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  10  cts.  doz. 

Corn,  green July   to  Oct 10  to  20  cts.  doz. 

Carrots Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  10  cts.  doz. 

Celer}' Aug.  to  Apr 5  to  10  cts.  bu. 

Cabbage Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  10  cts.  head. 

Cucumbers June  to  Feb 10  to  15  cts,  doz. 

Chili  Peppers .Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  20  cts.  lb. 

Egg  Plant Sept.  to  Dec 5  to  10  cts.  each. 

Garlic Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  15  cts.  lb. 

Leeks Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  15  cts.  doz. 

Lettuce Jan.   to  Jan 15  to  25  cts.  doz. 

Onions Jan.   to  Jan 2  to    6  cts.  lb. 

Okra Sept.  to  Dec 10  to  20  cts.  lb. 

Oyster  Plant July   to  Nov 5  to  10  cts.  bu. 

Peas Jan.   to  Jan 3  to  15  cts.  lb. 

Potatoes Jan.   to  Jan 1  to    2  cts.  lb. 

Pumpkins Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  10  cts.  each. 

Squash,  summer.... June  to  Dec 10  to  20  cts.  doz. 

Spinach Oct.   to  March  ....10  to  20  cts.  doz. 

Sweet  Potatoes Aug.  to  April 2  to    6  cts.  lb. 

Tuniips Jan.   to  Jan 5  to  10  cts.  doz. 

Tomatoes Jan.   to  Jan 2  to  10  cts.  lb. 


SANTA    BARBARA,    CAL.  23 


ARBORICULTURE  AND  HORTICULTURE. 


While  Santa  Barbara  countj^  has  a  classified  list  of 
nearly  50  varieties  of  native  trees,  few  of  these  can  be 
considered  from  a  commercial  standpoint.  By  far  the 
most  extensive  variety  is  the  live  oak,  with  which  large 
areas  of  the  county'  were  formerly  covered,  forming 
dense  forests  in  many  places. 

The  California  live  oak  has  an  extensive  range  here, 
growing  close  to  the  ocean,  often  but  a  few  hundred 
yards  away,  on  the  elevated  bluffs,  in  the  valleys  and 
canyons,  and  running  well  up  on  to  the  foothills. 

Second  in  importance  is  the  sycamore,  found  in  all 
the  canyons  in  groves  where  there  is  running  water  or 
ample  moisture  from  underground  percolations,  water 
being  the  essential  necessity  for  the  s^'camore's  growth. 

Owing  to  the  early  demand  for  wooded  property, 
the  denudation  of  the  land  by  timber  cutting  was  ar- 
rested, and  the  destruction  of  oaks  and  sycamores 
practically  ceased  throughout  the  county  wherever  land 
of  this  character  might  be  considered  as  available  for 
residence  property,  either  immediate  or  prospective. 
Thus,  fortunately,  the  natural  park-like  effects  so  diffi- 
cult to  find  in  the  treeless  Southwestern  States  and 
Territories  is  here  constantly  preserved  and  developed. 

Santa  Barbara  county  stands  pre-eminent  in  its 
development  and  growth  of  naturalized  trees  from 
almost  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  particularly  so  in 
the  southern  division  of  the  county.  For  twenty  3'ears 
constant  experiment  has  been  carried  on  with  ever- 
increasing  success,  and  as  yet  no  limit  has  l^een  reached. 
The  range  of  successful  culture  is  far  too  numerous  to 
mention,  the  following  being  a  partial  list  of  a  few  of 


24  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

the  varieties  taken  from  widely  different  seetions,  as  an 
illustration : 

The  most  universcd  tree  ]3lanted  lor  ornamental  and 
shade  purpose  is  the  pepper,  a  native  of  Peru ;  from 
Chili,  the  Norfolk  Island  pine;  Australia,  over  fifty 
varieties  of  the  eucalyptus  tree,  and  nearh^  as  many  of 
the  dAvarf  varieties;  also,  the  greviella,  a  favorite  for 
its  dark  green  foliage,  and  nearly  the  entire  list  of 
acacias,  so  noted  for  their  bloom. 

New  Zealand,  damara  tree,  from  whose  gum  is 
obtained  the  varnish  of  that  name.  China  and  Japan 
furnish  the  camphor,  nut-bearing  ginkgo,  loquot,  a  large 
variety  of  persimmons,  and  the  Japanese  chestnut. 

South  Asia,  the  china  tree,  and  ailanthus,  or  tree  of 
heaven ;  South  Africa,  the  silver  tree,  noticeable  for  the 
beauty  of  its  silver  foliage;  North  Africa,  tamarisks, 
several  acacias,  the  nut-bearing  pistacio,  and  date  palm. 

Southern  Europe,  the  corob,  Spanish  chestnut,  and 
cork  tree  of  commerce  ;  the  English  oak,  European  ash, 
beech,  linden,  spruces,  pines  and  junipers;  the  cedar  of 
Lebanon,  and  cedars  from  India ;  Bruce's  banana  from 
Abyssinia,  remarkable  for  its  proportions  rather  than 
its  fruit,  which  is  not  edible. 

Nearly  the  entire  range  of  trees  grown  in  North 
America  are  being  developed,  from  the  magnolias  and 
osage  orange  of  the  Southern  States  to  the  elm,  spruce, 
white  maple,  chestnut,  and  cedar  of  the  north. 

Of  the  fniit-bearing  trees,  most  of  w^hich  are  com- 
mercially successful,  the  following  is  a  partial  list : 

The  English  walnut,  w^hose  nativit}'  is  the  south  of 
Europe ;  the  almond  from  Western  Asia,  and  figs  from 
the  same  region ;  the  apricot  probabh^  originated  in 
Central  Asia ;  the  olive,  supposed  to  be  a  native  of 
Greece;  the  cheremoyer,  a  species  of  custard  apple  from 
Peru,  which  won  especial  praise  of  Von  Humboldt. 

All  the  citrus  family,  included  under  the  lemon,  lime, 
orange,  grape  fruit,  and  citron  of  commerce.  The  growth 
of  palms  from  every  known  region  probably  exceeds  in 
variety  any  other  section  of  Southern  California,  w^here 
palms  are  recognized  as  practically  indigenous  to  the 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  25 

soil.  Over  thirty  varieties  are  now  grown  successfully, 
and  new,  rare  specimens  are  constantly  being  added. 
The  list  of  deciduous  fruit  trees  and  vines  grown  in  the 
count}  is  fulh'  as  extensive,  among  which  maybe  briefly 
enumerated  the  apple,  pear,  peach,  plum  and  prune, 
apricot,  nectarine,  qtiince,  persimmon,  pomegranates 
and  grapes. 

To  recapitulate  briefl^s  therefore,  trees  native  to  Peru, 
Chili,  Australia,  China  and  Japan,  New  Zealand,  North 
and  South  Africa,  Southern  and  Western  Asia,  Northern 
and  Southern  Europe,  the  Northern  and  Southern  States, 
may  be  found  growing  successfully  in  Santa  Barbara 
county. 

The  follo\ving  table  shows  the  produce  of  horticulture 
supplied  on  a  commercial  scale  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  with  the  relative  months  of 
production  and  retail  market  prices : 


26  CHAMHKK    OF   COMMEKCK, 


MARKET    REPORT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    SAXTA 
BARBARA— FRUITS. 


Apples Jan.  to  Jan 2  to    8  cts.  Ih. 

Apricots .Jan.  to  Aug- 2  to    5  cts.  lb. 

Berries,  black May  to  Jan 5  to  15  cts.  liox. 

rasp June  to  Oct 8  to  15  cts.  box. 

Logan June  to  Oct 5  to  15  cts.  box. 

straw Jan.  tojan 5  to  15  cts.  box. 

Citron Oct.  to  Dec 2  to    5  cts.  lb. 

Figs July  to  Dec 3  to  10  cts.  lb. 

Grapes Aug.  to  Jan 2  to    8  cts.  lb. 

Guavas Oct.  to  Apr 5  to  10  cts.  box. 

Loquots Apr.  to  June 5  to  15  cts.  lb. 

Lemons J^m.  to  Jan 5  to  15  cts.  doz. 

Melons,  water July  to  Feb 5  to  25  cts.  each. 

"       canteloupes..July  to  Jan 3  to  15  cts.  each. 

Oranges Jan.  to  Jan 5  to  50  cts.  doz. 

Peaches June  to  Nov 3  to  10  cts.  lb. 

PUnns July  to  Oct 2  to    6  cts.  lb. 

Persimmons Oct.  to  Apr 5  to    8  cts.  lb. 

Pomegranates Oct.  to  Dec 25  to  50  cts.  doz. 

Pi-unes Aug.  to  Oct 2  to    5  cts.  lb. 

Pears Aug.  to  Feb 2  to    5  cts.  lb. 

Ouinces Oct.  to  Dec 2  to    3  cts.  lb. 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  27 


FLORICULTURE. 


Californians  have  dtibbed  the  City  of  Santa  Barbara 
with  the  name  of  "City  of  Roses."  Those  who  have 
witnessed  her  floral  parades  in  recent  3'ears  can  appre- 
ciate the  name  is  well  deserved. 

Over  300  varieties  of  roses  are  found  growing  here. 
At  one  annual  rose  fair  156  varieties  of  rose  w^ere  cut 
from  a  single  garden  in  one  morning. 

By  such  authentic  illustrations  it  can  readih^  be  un- 
derstood that  it  is  impossible  to  include  in  a  brief  report 
of  the  county  any  extended  list  of  the  innumerable 
varieties  of  flowers  which  are  produced,  and  which  fully 
equal  or  exceed  in  climatic  range  the  tree  grow^th  men- 
tioned in  the  foregoing  article. 

(See  Reference  Index,  Gardening  in  California.) 


28  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


MINERAL    RESOURCES. 


The  greatly  diversified — and,  in  many  casevS,  rugged 
— character  of  a  large  area  of  Santa  Barbara  county, 
and  the  difficulty  of  access  to  the  more  remote  regions 
of  the  various  mountain  ranges  within  its  borders,  from 
a  lack  of  roads  or  well-defined  trails,  has  retarded  the 
exploration  and  development  of  the  mineral  resources, 
especially  as  the  principal  mineral  regions  are  located 
in  the  inore  remote  and  least  accessible  ranges,  so  that, 
with  the  exceptions  of  asphaltum,  petroleum,  g]y^psum 
and  beach  gold,  little  has  been  done  tovv^ards  a  thor- 
ough knowledge  of  the  mineral  wealth. 

The  building  of  projected  new  roads,  and  the  keen 
search  for  oil  now  being  carried  on  throughout  the 
county-,  will  rapidly  ameliorate  the  conditions  and 
bring  the  already  discovered  valuable  minerals  within 
reach  of  a  market. 

Minerals  of  more  or  less  economic  value  as  yet  unde- 
veloped are:  Coal;  chromite  (chromic  iron);  pottery 
and  other  clays;  magnesian  limestone  (suitable  for  the 
manufacture  of  h^'draulic  cement);  lime;  sulphur;  min- 
eral soap;  ochres;  baryta  (on  the  Sisquoc),  and  an 
inexhaustible  suppl3^  of  building  stone  in  great  variety 
and  of  excellent  quality. 

Minerals  of  special  interest  are  not  lacking.  In  the 
metamorphic  regions  we  have  serpentine  with  bronzite 
and  other  accompanjang  mineral  species  ;  among  them, 
pectolite  (^i  beautiful  and  interesting  silicate  of  alumi- 
num, calcium  and  natrium),  in  masses  of  white,  glassy-, 
needle-shaped  crystals,  several  inches  in  length,  radiat- 
ing from  various  centers;  orthite  or  allanite,  a  rare 
combination  of  the  little  known  metals  cerium,  lantha- 


SANTA   BARBARA,    CAL.  29 

num,  didymium,  etc.,  a  mineral  not  found  elsewhere  in 
the  State;  anhydrite  (in  gypsum  beds);  epsomite,  at  Hot 
Springs  and  elsewhere ;  bituminous  shales;  chalcedon3' 
and  many  other  varieties  of  quartz;  chert;  cinnamon 
garnets;  garnet  sand;  chlorite  schist;  dolomite;  epidote; 
graphite  (plumbago);  granitic  rocks;  hornstone;  horn- 
blende; iron  alum;  limestones  (tufaceous,  fossiliferous, 
cr\'stalline,  arenaceous,  silicious,  magnesian,etc.);  mag- 
nesite;  mica  schist;  steatite;  stibnite,  and  many  others. 

The  islands  furnish  many  interesting  studies  of 
basaltic  and  trachj^tic  rocks  of  volcanic  origin,  in 
various  stages  of  decomposition  and  alteration. 

A  sj'stematic  exploration  of  the  county  would, 
doubtless,  result  in  the  discover\^  of  many  other  locali- 
ties of  the  minerals  already  known,  and  deposits  of 
other  minerals  w^hich  have  not,  as  j^et,  been  credited  to 
this  region. 

METALLIC   MINERALS. 

Gold,  platinum,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  lead, 
antimony,  iron  and  manganese  are  found. 

Gold  has  been  found  in  several  localities  ;  on  the  San 
Marcos  Rancho  (Santa  Ynez  district),  gold-bearing 
rock ;  near  Los  Alamos,  and  at  various  points  in  the 
San  Rafael  mountains. 

Placer  diggings  at  Pine  Mountain,  Zaca  Creek,  the 
creeks  of  the  Santa  Ynez  range,  and  the  San  Rafael 
mountains. 

The  most  important  workings  have  been  in  the 
black  sand  of  the  beach  near  Point  Sal. 

In  1895  the  output  of  gold  in  the  county  was  $4000; 
in  1896,  $8592. 

Platinum  is  found  with  gold  in  the  beach  sand,  and 
in  some  of  the  claims  the  quantity'  of  platinum  exceeded 
that  of  the  gold. 

The  increased  demand  for  platinum  caused  by  the 
more  general  emplojniient  of  electricity  for  lighting  and 
other  economic  purposes,  in  which  platinum  is  an  indis- 
pensable factor,  will  doubtless  stimulate  a  more  rigorous 
search  for  deposits  of  this  metal. 


30  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE^ 

Silver  is  prcvsent  in  the  gold-bearing  rocks  of  the 
Santa  Ynez  and  San  Rafael  mountains. 

Quicksilver  was  formerly  mined  to  some  extent  near 
the  Snmta  Ynez  river. 

Of  the  other  economic  metallic  minerals,  copper,  tin,, 
iron,  antimony  and  manganese,  little  of  im])ortanee  has- 
been  developed. 

NON-METALLIC    MINERALS. 

GYPSUM. 

The  gypsum  deposits  which  have  been  worked  in 
this  county  are  near  Point  Sal,  about  one  and  a-half 
miles  from  the  landing.  It  is  of  good  quality,  and  in 
demand  for  the  manufacture  of  plaster  of  paris. 

It  can  be  mined  and  shipped  at  the  landing  foraboiit 
$2  per  ton.  Large  quantities  have  been  shipped  to  San 
Francisco,  and,  although  we  have  no  data  as  to  the 
output,  there  is  no  doubt  ]>ut  that  it  is  a  valuable  and 
extensive  deposit. 

Another  large  deposit  of  gypsum  is  in  the  interior, 
near  the  line  of  the  proposed  State  highway  to  Bakers- 
field. 

ALABASTER. 

At  the  last-named  locality  large  quantities  of  alabas- 
ter of  excellent  quality'  have  been  discovered.  This  is 
also  waiting  the  completion  of  the  new  road  to  render 
it  available. 

SELENITE. 

A  transparent  crystalline  form  of  sulphate  of  lime, 
called  selenite,  is  found  in  various  localities  in  the 
count\%  widely  disseminated  in  the  form  of  thin  seams 
and  crj^stalline  masses,  in  soft  sandstone  and  claj^s, 
and  occasionally  large  masses  of  these  crystals  are 
found. 

Quite  an  extensive  deposit  of  pure  transparent  selen- 
ite has  been  found  near  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara. 

LITHOGRAPHIC    STONE. 

Another  mineral,  valued  for  its  use  in  the  arts,  is 
waiting  the  completion  of  the  new  road  over  the  moun- 
tains.    It  is  in  the  shape   of  an  extensive  deposit  of 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  31 

lithographic  stone,  which  is  now  being  opened  up,  and 
should  it  prove  to  be  all  that  is  claimed  for  it,  it  will 
obviate  the  necessity  of  importing  rock  of  that  char- 
acter from  Europe,  from  w^hence  the  w^orld  is  now 
supplied. 

California  has  numerous  deposits  of  rock  of  this 
■character,  which  are  valueless  133^  reason  of  the  want  of 
liomogeneousness  in  the  substance. 

The  value  of  this  rock  to  the  lithographer  does  not 
depend  on  its  chemical  composition  only;  it  must  be  of 
a  certain  fineness  of  grain,  and  free  from  streaks  caused 
hy  minute  veins  of  calcite  which  are  generally  found  in 
rock  of  this  character,  and  being  more  readily  acted 
upon  bj"  the  acid  used  in  etching  upon  the  stone,  destroy 
its  value. 

The  deposit  now  being  opened  up  on  the  Moraga 
ranch  in  the  mountains  east  of  Montecito  is  said  to  be 
ec[ual  to  the  finest  in  the  world  and  unlimited  in  quan- 
tity or  size  of  slab. 

DIATOMACEOUS   EARTH. 

Large  quantities  of  the  siliceous  skeletons  of  micro- 
scopic plants  known  as  diatomaceous  earth,  infusorial 
rock,  tripoli,  etc.,  which  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
dynamite,  and  for  polishing  and  other  purposes,  are 
found  in  various  parts  of  the  county-. 

These  fossil  remains  of  dead  organisms  are  so  minnte 
that  the  rock  has  the  appearance  of  chalk,  and  is  some- 
times used  as  such. 

The  foothills  back  of  Santa  Barbara  contain  immense 
quantities  of  this  material,  from  which  exquisite  micro- 
scopic slides  are  prepared,  in  -which  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  illustrations  of  the  handiwork  of  Nature  nia^' 
be  seen. 

This  deposit  is  now  being  prospected  for  oil. 

This  substance,  from  its  porous  nature,  is  used  as  an 
absorbent  in  the  manufacture  of  dynamite  from  nitro- 
glycerine. It  fdso  acts  as  a  retentive  by  holding 
petroleum  in  a  mechanically  diffused  state,  in  which 
condition  the  oil  is  more  rapidly  acted  upon  by  other 


32  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

substances  held  in  solution  by  the  water  which  perco- 
lates throuf^h  the  deposits,  and  by  the  atmosphere. 

It  is  also  used  to  absorb  the  vSuperfluous  oil  by 
spreading  it  over  the  surface  of  asphaltum  pavements. 

Its  great  non-conductivity  to  heat  makes  it  valuable 
for  packing  boilers,  steam  pipes  and  fireproof  safes. 

The  amount  of  infusorial  earth  used  in  the  United 
States  is  from  2,000  to  4,000  tons  per  annum,  worth, 
in  its  crude  state,  about  $4  per  ton ;  it  is  brought  up  to 
the  value  of  $35  per  ton  by  refining  and  preparing  it 
for  manufacturing  purposes. 

ASPHALTUM. 

Santa  Barbara  county  is  the  center  of  the  asphaltum 
industr}^  of  the  United  States,  and  the  demand  for  this 
material  increases  at  all  points  where  street  improve- 
ments are  projected  and  in  progress.  Owing  to  its 
superior  qualities,  it  is  rapidty  superseding  the  imported 
asphaltum. 

At  Goleta,  some  seven  miles  west  of  Santa  Barbara, 
and  located  directty  on  the  beach,  wdth  both  water  and 
rail  communication,  is  found  the  largest  and  oldest 
worked  mine  in  the  county,  as  well  as  one  of  the  largest 
deposits  known  in  any  portion  of  the  world.  It  is 
owned  and  operated  by  J.  F.  Moore. 

The  rock  asphaltum,  which  is  a  ver>^  high  grade,  has 
been  used  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  many  years  for  street 
improvements,  coating  reservoirs,  pipe  dipping,  etc., 
and  has  been  shipped  to  a  number  of  the  Eastern  cities. 

The  National  Asphaltum  Compan3^  of  America  con- 
trols the  mines  and  refineries  located  at  Carpinteria, 
La  Patera,  Sisquoc  and  Alcatraz.  The  mine  at  Carpin- 
teria, t\velve  miles  from  Santa  Barbara,  consists  of  a 
body  of  bituminized  sand,  or  sand  soaked  with  maltha, 
the  latter  being  evidently  derived  from  the  bituminous 
shale  on  which  the  sand  lies. 

After  being  refined  it  is  used  as  a  flux  for  treating 
the  rock  asphaltum  from  the  La  Patera  mine  (which  is 
located  some  ten  miles  west  of  Santa  Barbara);  here 
the  asphaltum  is  found  in  bunches  in  a  vein-like  deposit, 
that  from  the  lower  levels  being  porous. 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL. 


33 


The  mine  at  Sisquoc  (situated  some  eight  miles  north 
of  Los  Alamos  and  some  forty  miles  from  Santa  Bar- 
bara) consists  of  a  mixture  of  quartz  sand  with  maltha, 
and  is  piped  down  to  Alcatraz  on  the  coast  (some 
thirty-five  milesfrom  Santa  Barbara),  where  the  asphal- 
tum  is  put  through  a  refining  process  at  the  company's 
works. 

PETROLEUM. 

The  development  of  petroleum  in  Southern  California 
of  late,  and  especially  during  the  past  year,  has  been 
so  great  that  it  promises  before  long  to  become  one  of 
the  leading  industries  of  the  State,  with  the  product 
even  exceeding  in  value  the  gold  output. 

In  1880  a  steady  development  of  the  petroleum 
deposits  of  Southern  California  commenced,  and  has 
continued  until  the  present  time,  the  chief  fields  of  oper- 
ation being  in  Ventura  county,  at  Newhall,  north  of 
Los  Angeles,  and  at  Puente,  to  which  were  later  added 
the  Summerland  fields  in  Santa  Barbara  countj^  and 
the  Los  Angeles  city  fields,  these  being  followed  still 
later  by  Coalinga  and  McKittrick  in  Fresno  county, 
Fullerton  in  Orange  county,  Whittier  in  Los  Angeles 
county,  and  the  Kern  county  fields. 

The  State  Mining  Bureau  gives  the  oil  output  of 
California  for  the  past  twelve  years  as  follows: 


BARRELS. 

1888 690,333 

1889 303,220 

1890 307,360 

1891 323,600 

1892 385,049 

1893 470,179 


BARRELS. 

1894 783,078 

1895 1,245,339 

1896 1,257,780 

1897 1,911,569 

1898 2,249,088 

1899 2,677,875 


While  there  are  indications  of  oil  in  almost  every 
county  in  the  State,  from  the  Mexican  to  the  Oregon 
line,  it  is  only  in  seven  counties  that  oil  has  hitherto 
been  produced.  Six  of  these  counties  are  in  Southern 
California,  and  one  in  the  central  part  of  the  State. 
Following  are  the  counties  with  their  output  for  the 
past  three  years  as  given  by  the  State  Mining  Bureau : 


34                               CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

1897.  1898.  1899. 

NAME  OF  COUNTY.    HHLS.  BBLS.  BBLS. 

Fresno 70,140  154,000  489,372 

Kern 10,000  15,000 

LosAn^-eles 1,327,011  1,462,871  1,409,356 

Orant^e 12,000  60,000  108,077 

vSanta  Clara 4,000  3,000  1,500 

Santa  Barbara....     130,126  132,217  208,370 

Ventura 368,282  427,000  496,200 


Total  Product 1,911,569        2,249,088        2,677,875 


Total  value.. ..$1,918,269      $2,376,420      $2,660,793 


Oil  production  in  Santa  Barbara  county  is  at  present 
confined  to  Summerland  on  the  coast,  six  miles  below 
the  cit^'  of  Santa  Barbara,  although  active  prospecting 
is  going  forward  in  other  parts  of  the  county-.  Here 
may  be  seen  the  strange  sight  of  hundreds  of  derricks 
erected  on  the  wharves  built  out  several  hundred  feet 
below  low-water  mark.  The  oil  industry  here  is  seven 
years  old.  The  belt  is  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  and  one 
mile  long,  and  is  almost  covered  with  derricks.  The 
wells  are  shallow,  a  majority  being  about  250  feet 
deep.  Some  are  onh'  125  feet.  There  are  two  oil 
strata  ;  the  first  is  struck  at  from  80  to  200  feet,  and 
varies  in  depth  from  26  to  75  feet.  The  nearer  the 
ocean  the  well,  the  thicker  the  stratum  is  found  to  be. 
The  foundation  is  clay.  Sand  and  water  are  invariabh^ 
found  coming  from  the  wells  of  this  stratum.  The 
second  stratum  not  found  ashore  is  struck  from  the 
wharves  at  from  320  to  350  feet.  Here  the  grade  of 
the  oil  found  rises,  and  the  wells  are  free  from  water. 
Sand  makes  but  Ytry  little  trouble.  The  cost  of  drilling 
at  present  is  $1  per  foot. 

The  average  yield  of  the  wells  cannot  be  stated  with 
accurac3'.  Wells  run  from  2  barrels  up  to  60,  but  the 
majority-  give  from  4  to  5  barrels  a  day.  New  wells 
from  the  wharves  sometimes  run  for  a  time  after  open- 
ing as  high  as  100  barrels.  The  oil  is  forced  out  by  a 
tremendous  gas  pressure.  These  wells  then  drop  from 
75  to  30  barrels,  and  run  at  that  rate  from  three  to 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  35 

four  months.     Then,  as  a  rule,  the3'  drop  agam  to  from 
5  to  10  barrels  and  remain  at  that  point. 

None  of  the  wells  at  Summerland  run  too  light  to  be 
non-pa^dng.  The  degree  of  gravity'  of  oil  varies  from 
12  degrees  to  16.5  degrees ;  the  average  is  about  14 
degrees. 

The  profit  to  the  producer  is  good.  The  average 
cost  of  production  is  from  20  to  35  cents  per  barrel, 
while  most  of  the  oil  sells  at  the  wells  at  $.90  About 
20  cars  a  month  go  to  San  Francisco.  This  oil  brings 
$1.  The  cost  of  tr^msportation,  w^hich  falls  on  the 
purchaser,  is  about  $.50. 

There  are  in  all  some  300  wells  in  Summerland. 
Nearly  all  the  companies  have  short  pipe  lines.  Some 
of  the  wharves  are  1500  feet  long. 

The  present  output  of  the  Summerland  oil  field  is 
15,000  barrels  per  month,  the  price  realized  being  90 
cents. 

Numerous  points  throughout  the  county  are  at  pres- 
ent being  tCvSted  for  oil  and  wells  rapidly  driven. 

While  oil  has  been  struck  in  moderate  quantities  in 
the  course  of  driving  down  wells  in  these  localities,  the 
majority  are  yet  in  the  experimental  stage,  but  denote 
ultimate  success  in  several  instances. 

The  field  is  evidentW  an  extensive  one,  and  ample 
opportunity  is  afforded  to  reliable  individuals  or  com- 
panies to  secure  tracts  of  land  on  reasonable  terms  for 
development. 


36  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


MARINE    PRODUCTS. 


The  channel  between  the  Islands  and  coast  line  ot 
Santa  Barbara  county  offers  exceptional  advantages 
for  utilizing  the  ocean  products,  both  in  the  abundance 
of  high-grade  food  fish  and  the  comparative  safety  with 
which  the  fishing  industry  can  be  carried  on. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  Pacific  Coast,  in  the 
variet}'  and  excellent  quality  of  its  native  fish,  far 
exceeds  the  Atlantic  Coast,  while  the  success  met  by 
the  government  in  introducing  foreign  fish,  notabh' 
among  others  the  shad,  gives  promise  for  a  notew^orthy 
expansion  of  the  fishing  industry  wdthin  a  short  time. 

Until  within  the  last  few  years  fishing  has  been  con- 
fined to  river  and  harbor  work,  particularh^  in  the 
States  of  Oregon  and  Washington,  v^here  the  great 
salmon-packing  interests  are  too  w^ell  known  to  be 
described.  Later  the  Alaskan  salmon  fishing  by  means 
of  trolling  schooners  became  successfulh^  established, 
and  at  present  rivals,  if  it  does  not  exceed,  the  river 
packs. 

Deep  sea  fishing,  however,  on  the  northern  coast, 
\vhile  highh^  remunerative,  owing  to  the  abundance  of 
the  catch,  has  proved  a  commercial  failure,  owing  to 
the  suddenness  and  great  violence  of  storms,  which, 
with  the  lack  of  safe  harbors  of  refuge,  render  the  occu- 
pation too  hazardous.  It  has,  therefore,  caused  the 
industry'  to  be  practically  abandoned,  except  during  a 
few  months  of  the  year. 

The  Santa  Barbara  channel,  however,  is  one  of  the 
few  places  on  the  coast  where  deep  sea  fishing  and 
shore  trolling  can  be  carried  on  throughout  the  season. 
From  Point  Concepcion  to  Ventura,  a  distance  of  nearly 


SANTA   BARBARA,    CAL.  37 

one  hundred  miles,  with  room  to  operate  a  fishing  fleet, 
•equal  in  numbers  to  the  fleet  ofl"  the  Newfoundland 
banks,  with  deep  Vv^ater,  no  storms  or  heavj^  racing 
tides,  the  Santa  Barbara  roadstead  within  a  few  hours 
of  the  fishing  grounds,  and  an  abundance  and  quality 
of  fish  unexcelled,  the  Santa  Barbara  channel  appears 
to  offer  every  inducement  for  commercial  success  in  sea 
fishing,  canning  and  rapid  trans-shipment  to  Eastern 
or  Northern  markets. 

The  industr}^  is  at  present  carried  on  by  a  few  local 
individual  fishermen,  mainly  to  supph''  the  home  mar- 
kets. 

With  the  advent  of  capital,  modern  vessels  and  appli- 
ances, the  channel  fishing  and  canning  of  the  product 
will  eventually  prove  to  be  an  important  and  successful 
industry  in  this  locality. 

The  report  of  the  United  States  Commissioners  of 
Fish  and  Fisheries  for  1898  issues  the  following  state- 
ment in  relation  to  the  "Fisheries  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia : ' ' 

"Recenth^a  market  has  been  found  in  Kansas,  Texas, 
Missouri,  and  other  States  west  of  the  Mississippi,  for 
fresh  fish  and  spiny  lobsters  from  Southern  California. 
Important  shipments  have  been  made.  The  principal 
species  shipped  were  barracuda,  bonito,  mackerel,  sea- 
bass,  red-necked  fish  and  spiny  lobsters. 

"Good  prices  were  received,  and  it  is  probable  that  a 
permanent  market  for  Southern  California  fresh  fish 
wdll  be  found.  The  spiny  lobster  proved  especially 
desirable.  It  was  shipped  to  Kansas  City,  where  it  is 
known  as  the  Bermuda  lobster. 

The  following  table  presents  the  species  and  yields  of 
main  products  for  the  year  ending  June  30th,  1896  : 


38  CHAMBER   OF  COMMERCE, 

SPECIES.                                 POUNDS.  VALUE. 

Barracuda,  fresh 65,000  $2,600 

Bonito,  fresh 15,000  300 

Flounders,  fresh 10,000  400 

Kingfish,  fresh 5,000  150 

Mackerel,  fresh 11,000  440 

Perch,  viviparous 10,000  300 

Sardines 5,000  150 

Sea  Bass,  fresh 12,000  480 

Smelt 16,000  640 

Yellowtail,  fresh 15,150  150 

Abalone,  dried 83,276  3,747 

Abalone,  shells 123,000  1,238 

Crawfish* 304,650  6,093 

Sea  Lion,  pelts 28 

Alg£E 5,610  112 


Total 680,686  $16,828 

*Spiny  Lobster. 

THE   MOLLUSCA    (SHELLS.) 

The  county  of  Santa  Barbara,  from  its  peculiar  situ- 
ation, its  unrivalled  extent  and  variety  of  sea  coast, 
presents  an  extremeh'  interesting  field  for  the  shell 
collector  and  scientist. 

Although  it  ma^^  not  furnish  individual  species  in  as 
large  numbers  as  some  of  the  other  faunal  regions,  it 
does  furnish  a  large  and  interesting  list  of  specific  forms 
and  a  number  of  species  which  are  rareh^,  if  ever,  found 
at  other  localities  on  the  California  coast,  and  some 
which  are  restricted  to  our  county. 

From  the  varied  character  of  the  coast  of  the  main- 
land and  the  islands  forming  the  southern  line  of  the 
Santa  Barbara  channel,  many  species  find  conditions 
favorable  to  their  w^ell-being. 

In  a  Catalogue  of  the  Mollusca  of  the  county  pub- 
lished in  1890,  a  list  of  320  species  and  varieties  was 
given,  besides  several  which  had  been  found  off  our 
coast  b^^  government  exploring  expeditions. 

"From  a  list   of  the  Mollusca   of  Santa  Barbara 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  39 

county,  it  is  found  that  Santa  Barbara  county  is  the 
northern  limit  of  about  seventy  species,  aside  from  the 
strictly  local  fauna.  It  is  also  the  southern  limit  of 
about  sixty  species." 

The  Abalones  furnish  valuable  commercial  material 
which  our  Chinese  inhabitants  make  the  most  of.  Thc}^ 
gather,  dry,  and  ship  to  China  immense  quantities  of 
the  flesh  of  the  abalone;  the  shells  are  polished  and  sold 
as  curios. 

Santa  Barbara  is  probably  the  richest  count\'  in  the 
State  in  regard  to  shells  of  commercial  value. 

The  Paper  Nautilus  (Argo  pacifica)  is  sometimes 
washed  up  on  the  southerly  shores  of  the  islands  in 
immense  numbers.  These  shells  are  much  admired  for 
their  beaut\'  and  delicacy,  and  are  valued  at  from  $5  to 
$15  each  for  fine  specimens. 


40  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE^ 


MINERAL   WATERS. 


Santa  Barbara  county  has  long  been  noted  for  the 
medicinal  qualities  of  her  Mineral  Springs,  and  we  have 
several  which  are  of  commercial  value  for  exportation. 

The  most  noted  springs  which  form  attractive  re- 
sorts for  those  in  search  of  health  or  recreation  are  the 
Santa  Barbara  Hot  Springs  and  the  San  Marcos,  or 
Glen  Canyon  Hot  Springs. 

SANTA   BARBARA    HOT   SPRINGS. 

These  famous  hot,  sulphurous  and  arsenical  springs 
are  situated  in  the  Santa  Ynez  mountains,  at  an  alti- 
tude of  1,414  feet  above  sea  level,  distant  six  and 
one-half  miles  from  the  city  ol  Santa  Barbara,  and  are 
reached  by  a  most  beautiful  wooded  road,  winding 
through  Montecito  valley  and  up  Hot  Springs  Canj'on. 

The  well  kept  trails  are  alwa3^s  a  source  of  attrac- 
tion. The  view"  from  Point  Lookout  and  Point  Arthur 
is  unrivalled  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  includes  the 
Montecito  YaWej,  Santa  Barbara,  Carpinteria,  Goleta, 
and  in  the  distance  the  Channel  Islands,  Point  Concep- 
cion  and  Ventura. 

On  the  premises  are  tw^enty-tv^^o  mineral  hot  springs, 
ranging  from  99  to  122  degrees  Fahrenheit  in  temper- 
ature. 

The  San  Marcos,  or  Mountain  Glen,  Hot  Springs  are 
situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  Santa  Ynez  moun- 
tains, near  the  stage  road  over  the  San  Marcos  Pass. 

Stagwell  Sulphur  Springs  are  in  Buckhom  Canj^on, 
a  branch  of  Indian  Canyon,  a  tributary  of  the  Mona. 

The  Burton  Mound  Sulphur  Springs  are  within  the 
citv  limits  of  Santa  Barbara,  and  but  a  short  distance 
from  the  wharf. 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  41 

MEDICINAL   WATERS   FOR   EXPORT. 

The  most  important  mineral  waters  bottled  for 
medicinal  purposes  are  those  of  the  Veronica,  Bythinia 
and  Santa  Barbcira  Springs,  three  miles  east  of  the  city 
of  Santa  Barbara. 

Veronica  Water  has  been  long  and  well  known  for 
its  excellent  medicinal  qualities.  The  springs  are  situated 
a  short  distance  west  from  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara. 

Bythinia  Water  is  from  springs  not  far  from  the 
Veronica,  and  maintain  a  similar  character. 

Santa  Barbara  Water  is  also  from  springs  recenth' 
developed  upon  the  mesa  adjacent  to  the  same  territory, 
and  is  a  natural  mineral  water  of  a  high  standard  of 
excellence. 

The  following  analyses  shows  the  great  value  of 
these  waters : 


ANALYSIS  OF  VERONICA   WATER. 

(Sodium  Carbonate 
479  { Magnesium  Carbonate, 


Alkaline.  I  Diuretic. 


( Magnesium  Nitrate:  Purgative,  sedative  &  diuretic 

Aperient 

Saline 


Potassium  Sulphate 
Sodium  Sulphate 

1425^  Magnesium  Sulphate 
Calcium  Sulphate 
Sodium  Chloride 

Trace  Potassium  Sulphate. 

Trace  Silica. 


and 
Purg-ative. 


ANALYSIS   OF   BYTHINIA   WATER. 

GRAINS  PER   GAL. 

Potassium  Sulphate 272 

Sodium  vSulphate 333.10 

Sodium  Chloride 194.47 

Sodium  Carbonate 727 

Magnesium  Sulphate 1146.70 

Calcium  Sulphate 111.28 

Magnesium  Carbonate 35.45 

vSilica 1.46 

Iron  and  Alumina 1.46 

Magnesium  Nitrate 278.01 


Total 2112.10 


42  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

ANALYSIS   OF    SANTA    BARBARA    WATER. 

(VKAINS    PEK    (VAL. 

Potassium  Sulphate 38.55 

Sodium  vSulphatc 662.34 

Bromine. Marked  Reaction 

Lithium  Chloride 23 

Sodium  Chloride 45.42 

Magnesium  Chloride 35.40 

Calcium  Chloride 108.03 

Iodine Well-marked  Reaction 

Sodium  Carbon^ite 8.65 

Sodium  Borate 22 

Magnesium  Sulphate 50.40 

Calcium  Sulphate 32.64 

Calcium  Phosphate 1.97 

Iron  Carbonate 1.02 

Calcium  Carbonate 1.61 

Magnesium  Carbonate 90.03 

Silica 87 

Total ; 1149.38 


SANTA  BARBARA  COUNTY. 


SOUTHERN    DIVISION. 

The  Southern  Division  of  the  county,  namely,  that 
section  lying  south  of  the  Santa  Ynez  range,  and  facing 
the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  south,  is  known  as  the  Santa 
Barbara  ValW,  taking  its  name  from  the  county  seat, 
the  City  of  Santa  Barbara. 

Within  this  section  there  are  three  minor  valleys, 
viz.:  Carpinteria,  Montecito  and  Goleta. 

THE   CARPINTERIA   VALLEY. 

(Carpenter's  Shop.) 

The  valley  lies  due  east  from  the  citj-  of  Santa  Bar- 
bara, about  tw^elve  miles  distant.  Its  width  between 
the  mountains  and  the  ocean  varies  from  one  to  three 
miles.  In  area  it  comprises  about  ten  square  miles  of 
very  superior  land,  of  three  varieties — mesa,  adobe  and 
alluvial — the  latter  varietj^  largely  predominating. 

The  mesa,  or  upland,  is  chiefly"  devoted  to  barley  and 
pasturage.  This  class  of  land  is  also  well  adapted  to 
grape  and  olive  culture.  The  adobe  soil  is  found  in 
small  tracts  throughout  the  bottom  lands,  and  although 
difficult  to  work  is  very  strong,  and,  when  properly 
managed,  is  very  productive. 

Immediately  adjacent  to  the  ocean  and  parallel  with 
it  stretches  the  deep,  level,  alltivial  soil,  raised  but  a  few 
feet  above  the  ocean ;  it  here  forms  what  is  known  as 
the  Carpinteria  plain.  Manj^  feet  deep,  with  sc^ircely  a 
pebl^le  to  be  found,  it  constitutes  the  richest  section  of 
soil  of  any  considerable  area  within  the  southern  divi- 
sion of  the  count3\ 

Its  range  of  plant  and  tree  growth   and  wondertul 


44  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

productiveness  of  nearly  everything  capable  of  successful 
culture  in  temperate  or  semi-tropical  countries  consti- 
tutes its  chief  characteristic,  and  is  a  marked  fe^iture  of 
curiosit}^  even  in  Southern  Cidifornia. 

Until  recenth'  the  chief  product  of  the  valley  has  been 
its  lima  bean  crop,  costing  about  the  same  to  raise  per 
cental  as  com.  It  has  yielded  a  profit  of  from  $60  to 
$100  per  acre,  the  total  product  rising  at  times  to 
$50,000  per  annum.     (See  railroad  shipments.) 

Considering  the  limited  extent  of  this  soil,  the  show- 
ing is  remarkable.  At  present,  however,  the  planting 
of  fruit  trees  is  gradually  absorbing  these  lands,  in  spite 
of  the  prices  demanded,  which  are  based  upon  their 
earning  capacity  for  j^ears  under  the  lima  bean  culture. 

The  planting  of  the  English  walnut  on  an  extensive 
scale  began  about  twenty  years  ago,  proving  remark- 
ably successful.  It  has  been  constantly  extended,  until 
the  Carpinteria  section  in  its  production  of  the  English 
walnut  leads  in  the  Santa  Barbara  valley. 

Later  the  olive  industry  was  taken  up,  both  on  the 
bottom  lands  and  uplands.  On  the  heavy  red  soils  of 
the  latter  the  olive  with  proper  irrigation  has  now 
reached  a  very  high  standard  of  excellence,  both  in 
steady  production  and  qualit}'  of  the  fruit,  one  well 
knowm  olive  ranch  ranking  equal  to  the  best  in  South- 
ern California. 

These  successes  led  to  other  varieties  of  tree  planting 
until  todaj'the  commercial  culture  and  growth  of  fruits 
side  b3'side  from  such  opposite  regions  as  Mexico,  South 
America,  China,  Japan,  Italy,  France,  Spain  and  India, 
can  be  seen. 

While  no  limit  can  be  set  for  many  years,  the  follow^- 
ing  partial  list  of  trees,  shrubs  and  plants  which  have 
been  thoroughly  tested  is  submitted:  Of  the  citrus  fruits, 
the  lemon,  lime,  grape  fruit  and  citron ;  oranges  do  well 
but  acquire  too  much  acidity'  owing  to  proximity  to 
the  coast.  English  walnuts  and  nuts  of  many  other 
varieties,  olives,  figs,  grapes,  certain  classes  of  apples, 
pears,   peaches,   apricots,   nectarines,   quinces,    prunes. 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  45 

loquots,  blackl^erries,  raspberries,  guavas,  strawberries 
and  peanuts. 

Successful  lemon  groves  can  be  seen  in  a  few  instances 
within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  ocean — an  unusual 
feature. 

The  Santa  Barbara  market  is  supplied  everj^  week  in 
the  year  wdth  strawberries  from  the  Carpinteria  fruit 
ranches.  The  village  is  located  near  the  center  of  the 
valley,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad.  It  is  well 
provided  with  business  houses,  schools,  churches,  tele- 
phone system,  hotel,  and  a  weeklj^  newspaper,  "The 
Courier."  The  Alcatraz  Asphalt  and  Paving  Company 
has  its  principal  Avorks  here,  from  which  it  ships  paving 
material  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 

The  largest  grapevine  in  the  world  is  growing  in  the 
Carpinteria  valley,  twelve  miles  from  Santa  Barbara. 
It  is  over  four  feet  in  circumference ;  its  branches  spread 
over  nearl3'  a  half  acre  of  ground,  and  it  has  yielded 
eight  tons  of  grapes  in  a  single  season. 

EL  MONTECITO. 

(Little  Forest.) 

The  Montecito  Valle3'  lies  between  Carpinteria  and 
the  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  four  and  one-half  miles  dis- 
tant from  the  latter.  Its  borders,  skirting  the  ocean, 
form  with  the  above-mentioned  places  a  sweeping  curv-e 
of  shore  line,  terminating  on  the  east  below  Carpinteria 
in  the  Rincon  Mountain,  and  on  the  west  in  the  head- 
lands beyond  the  cit3'  of  Santa  Barbara. 

The  area  of  this  valley-  is  about  nine  square  miles. 
The  valley'  is  nearly'  oval  in  form,  its  length  resting 
between  the  ocean  and  mountain  range,  and  protected 
on  each  end  by  curving  hills.  Its  surface  formation 
comprises  everj'  class  of  level  and  rolling  contour  pleas- 
ing to  theej'c,  from  the  rugged  boldness  of  the  mountain 
range  to  low  rolling  hills,  interspersed  with  miniature 
valle^'-like  areas. 

The  shore-line  rises  abruptW  above  the  beach,  form- 
ing a  bluff  from  fortj--  to  seventh'  feet  in  height.  Park 
like  areas,  covered  wnth  oak  trees,  extend   hence  back- 


46  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

ward  towards  the  mountains  in  a  gradual  upward 
sweep  until  the  searp  of  the  foothills  is  reached,  some- 
two  miles  distant.  Here,  extending  for  several  miles, 
facing  the  ocean,  with  an  elevation  of  from  two  to  eight 
hundred  feet  at  its  base  and  summit  respectively,  it 
bounds  the  valley  within  its  oval . 

Backed  by  the  mountain  range,  terminating  at  each 
end  in  sweeping  hills,  this  section  looks  down  upon  the 
beautiful  valley  at  its  feet.  Beyond,  the  sweeping  curve 
of  the  shore,  the  Santa  Barbara  Channel,  the  Islands 
rising  to  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet  in  the  distance,  ex- 
tending for  sixty  miles  along-  the  line  of  the  horizon; 
while  the  low%  rolling  hills,  and  sweeping  uplands,  dotted 
with  oaks,  among  which  glimpses  are  caught  of  hand- 
some residences  of  modern  Spanish  architecture,  form  a 
park-like  effect  difficult  to  equal. 

It  is  impossible  to  adecjuately  depict  the  wonderful 
charm  of  the  Montecito  valley ;  a  personal  visit  is  the 
only  means  by  which  its  beauties  can  be  fullj'  appre- 
ciated. 

Montecito's  chief  characteristic  thus  being  its  pictur- 
esciue  and  scenic  effect,  property  in  this  section  is 
particularly  sought  after  as  residence  property  by  per- 
sons of  wealth  for  small  country  estates,  and  thus 
commands  prices  far  in  excess  of  that  where  the  fruit 
industries  predominate. 

It  is  an  unquestionable  fact  that  this  much-sought- 
after  valle^'^  bids  fair  to  become  the  center  in  Southern 
California  for  winter  and  even  summer  homes  of  the 
w^ealthy  class  from  all  over  the  United  States. 

While  Montecito  is  mainly  given  over  to  resident 
estates  rather  than  commercial  fruit-raising,  its  soil 
appears  to  be  able  to  produce  and  sustain  nearly  every 
kind  of  known  tree  and  plant,  the  various  estates 
vicing  with  each  other  in  constantly  raising  new  and 
untried  selections  from  everj'  point  in  the  world,  both 
the  ornamental  and  useful  varieties.  At  one  point 
nearly  thirty  varieties  of  palms  can  be  seen ;  at  another 
the  manj'-  kinds  of  bananas  ;  while  anyone  can  boast  of 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  47 

from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  species  of  fruity  nut  or  1>erry% 
often  upon  a  single  acre. 

The  famous  Crocker-Sperry  lemon  orchard,  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  State,  is  located  here. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Country  Club,  with  its  club-house 
and  adjacent  cottages  built  in  colonial  style,  is  placed 
on  the  level  bluff  immediately  above  the  ocean.  With 
its  excellent  golf  grounds,  tennis  courts,  boating  and 
bathing,  and  other  kindred  amusements,  it  is  the 
favorite  meeting-ground  for  people  of  v^^ealth  of  both 
Santa  Barbara  and  Montecito.  In  a  canyon  leading 
from  this  valley  but  a  short  distance  away  are  found 
the  celebrated  Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  a  favorite  resort 
for  many  residents.  The  Hot  Sulphur  Springs  Hotel  is 
located  immediately  at  the  springs.  (See  report  of 
mineral  waters. ) 

Montecito  is  well  provided  Avith  accommodations 
for  visitors. 

Two  miles  from  the  beach,  upon  the  foothills,  at  an 
elevation  of  600  feet,  is  situated  the  well  known  San 
Ysidro  and  its  cottages,  grouped  around  a  picturesque 
stone  building,  used  as  a  general  dining-room  and  for 
other  purposes  for  its  guests. 

Miramar,  situated  close  to  the  ocean,  upon  the  bluffs, 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  Country  Club  and  upon  the 
main  road,  also  offers  the  charms  of  independent  cottage 
life.  A  small  railroad  station  is  located  on  the  prop- 
erty-. 

The  Grove  House,  a  roadside  hostelry,  is  upon  the 
main  road  leading  from  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  a 
short  distance  away  from  Miramar. 

GOLETA. 

(Schooner.) 

The  Goleta  ValW  is  situated  west  of  the  city  of 
Santa  Barbara,  its  center  being  distant  from  the  latter 
about  seven  miles.  This  valley  is  actually  a  continu- 
ation of  the  valkw  stretching  out  immediately  from  the 
city,  and  extending  beyond  Goleta  about  ten  miles. 
The  wadth  between  the  ocean  and   mountains  varies 


48  CHAMBER  OF   COMMERCE, 

from  four  to  six  miles.  The  section  properly  known  as 
Goleta  comprises  about  2,000  acres  of  agricultural 
land,  most  of  which  is  a  deep  alluvial  soil,  rich  Jind 
level,  similar  in  general  to  the  l)ott(mi  lands  described 
in  the  Carpinteria  valley,  the  main  difference  l3eing  that 
it  extends  back  farther  from  the  ocean,  and  is  from  one 
to  two  hundred  feet  higher  than  the  latter  valle3^  Here 
the  same  crops  are  produced. 

The  valley  is  also  rapidly  developing  into  a  great 
walnut-producing  district,  v^hich,  in  time,  o\ving  to  its 
greater  extent,  will  probably  surpass  Carpinteria  in 
this  production. 

A  few  miles  beyond  Goleta  are  several  Avell  kno"wn 
ranches  of  large  area,  running  from  one  to  four  thou- 
sand acres  in  extent.  The  fruit  industries  are  made  a 
specialty"  upon  certain  of  the  best  lands,  the  balance 
being  devoted  to  barley,  grazing  and  stock  farming. 

Upon  one  of  these  ranches  is  located  the  most  exten- 
sive producing  olive  grove  in  Southern  California, 
known  throughout  the  w^orld  for  the  excellence  of  its 
olive  oil. 

Beyond  these  w^ell  known  ranches  are  several  others, 
still  south  of  the  mountains,  at  present  mostly  used  for 
the  stock  and  grain  raising.  The  general  surface  con- 
sists of  low  rolling  hills  and  broad  sweeps  of  valWs. 

Much  of  these  lands  are  capable  of  producing  with 
great  success  nearly-  all  of  the  varieties  of  fruits,  etc., 
referred  to  under  the  more  extended  detailed  report  on 
the  Carpinteria  section,  but  being  more  remote  from 
what  might  be  termed  the  residence  portion,  immedi- 
ately adjacent  to  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  and  her 
suburbs,  but  little  has  been  done  to  develop  her  fruit 
culture. 

Land  may,  therefore,  be  purchased  at  very  reason- 
able prices  in  this  section,  which,  in  time,  will  undoubt- 
edly prove  of  great  value. 

NAPLES. 

Naples,  a  small  hamlet,  beautifully  located  upon  the 
ocean  shore,  and  surrounded  by  a  fine  and  prosperous 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  49 

agricultural  and  stock  country,  is  sixteen  miles  distant 
to  the  w^est  of  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara. 

The  last  community  in  the  upper  end  of  the  southern 
division  of  the  county,  it  will  eventuall^^  command  the 
trade  of  the  extensive  territory  betvk^een  the  tov^m  and 
the  Santa  Ynez  range. 

The  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Compan3'^'s  main 
shore  line  passes  directly  through  the  entire  length  of 
this  section,  to  \vhich  the  county  high^way  and  a  net- 
work of  cross-roads  give  easy  access. 


50  CHAMBER   OF   COMMERCE, 


THE    CITY  OF    SANTA  BARBARA. 


GENERAL   DESCRIPTION. 

The  City  of  Santa  Barbar^i,  the  county  seat,  with  a 
population  of  6,580,  is  located  near  the  end  of  the 
crescent  shore  line,  which  sweeps  from  the  west  to  the 
Rincon  Mountain,  the  boundary  between  Santa  Barbara 
and  Ventura  counties,  about  fifteen  miles  distant. 

The  land  upon  which  the  city  is  founded  rises  grad- 
ually from  the  ocean  beach  inland  for  two  miles,  till  the 
old  Mission  is  reached  at  an  elevation  of  325  feet  above 
sea-level,  where  the  hillside  falls  away  abruptly  to  the 
long  sv^'^eep  of  the  upper  valley  towards  Goleta. 

The  gradual  slope  upon  which  the  city  rests,  facing 
the  ocean,  lies  betw^een  the  mountains  on  the  north  and 
low  mesa  hills  on  the  south,  which  follow  the  trend  of 
the  shore-line  bounding  the  upper  valley-. 

In  area  the  cit^'  limits  are  about  two  miles  square, 
nearly  every  portion  of  its  surface  forming  excellent 
building  sites,  with  easy  grades  and  good  drainage 
towards  the  ocean. 

Lookingfrom  its  celebrated  Mission,  Santa  Barbara's 
scenic  effects  are  more  extended  than  an\'  other  locality 
within  the  country.  East  lies  the  entire  sw^eep  of  moun- 
tains and  the  bay  shore,  comprising  the  Montecito  and 
Carpinteria  vallej^s;  on  the  w^est  the  upper  valley  far 
beyond  Goleta,  an  extended  view  of  vallcA^  and  shore- 
line of  over  thirty'  miles;  on  the  north  the  Santa  Ynez 
mountain  range  for  the  same  distance,  while  on  the 
south  lie  the  Islands  paralleling  the  shore  and  bounding 
the  channel  nearh^  to  the  line  of  the  horizon  on  the 
west. 


SANTA   BARBARA,    CAL. 


All  that  has  been  said  in  the  foregoing  report  on 
other  localities  within  her  neighborhood,  consisting  of 
climatic  conditions,  productiveness  ot  the  soil  and 
beauty  of  location,  are  applicable  to  the  City  of  Santa 
Barbara,  and  her  immediate  vicinity. 

Originally  an  old  Spanish  settlement  growing  up  at 
the  foot  of  the  famous  Mission  of  Santa  Barbara, 
founded  in  1786,  it  slowly  grew  in  importance  as  a  port 
for  coastwase  trade  and  point  for  distribution  to  the 
interior,  and  continued  a  thriving  settlement  long  prior 
to  the  advent  of  railroads  in  California. 

Upon  the  advent  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad, 
however,  v^hich  terminated  its  line  here  until  recenth', 
the  city  and  adjacent  territory  along  the  line  awoke  to 
more  active  growth.  From  this  time  dates  the  devel- 
opment of  all  classes  of  tree  planting  for  citrus  and 
other  fruits,  the  city  of  Los  Angeles  then  being  the 
nearby  market  sought,  since  extended  all  over  the 
United  States  by  increased  rail  facilities. 

Ow^ing  to  its  favorable  location,  the  city  of  Santa 
Barbara  is  the  natural  financial,  commercial  and  indus- 
trial center  of  the  county,  and  its  main  shipping  point 
by  rail  and  sea. 

The  lack  of  good  harbors  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 
except  at  long  distances  apart,  is  apt  to  have  a  marked 
effect  wathin  the  near  future  upon  the  commercial  growth 
of  Santa  Barbara,  whose  port  is  the  main  port  of  entry 
for  coastwise  and  foreign  shipping  between  Port  Har- 
ford on  the  north,  distant  ninety  miles,  and  Santa 
Monica  and  Port  Los  Angeles  on  the  south,  about  a 
hundred  and  tMrenty-five  miles  distant.  Thus  centralh^ 
located,  the  territory  capable  of  being  reached  on  favor- 
able sea  and  rail  rates  from  the  cit^^  of  Santa  Barbara 
is  extensive. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Channel  is  the  official  trial  course 
of  the  United  States  government,  owing  to  there  lieing 
less  wind  and  tideway  with  good  depth  of  water  at 
this  locality  than  at  any  other  on  the  Pacific '  Coast. 
All  United  States  vessels  built  on  the  coast  have  made 
their    trial    trips    here,    including  such  vessels  as  the 


52  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

battleships  Oregon,  Monterey  and  Wisconsin.  These 
vessels,  before  and  after  their  trials,  lay  in  the  open 
rojidstead,  which  forms  the  ])ort  of  the  city  of  S<inta 
Barbara,  with  perfect  safety. 

The  facility  of  dockage  and  departure  without  the 
expense  of  pilotage  or  tonnage  is  a  marked  feature  of 
excellence  in  the  city's  favor.  The  present  wharf  affords 
facilities  for  discharge  of  cargoes  of  several  vessels  at 
once,  direct  to  the  railroad. 

The  steamship  service,  both  passenger  and  freight, 
from  San  Francisco  to  San  Diego  and  return,  is  on 
regular  schedule  time. 

Lumber  shipments  from  the  north  constitute  a  regu- 
lar and  increasing  trade  by  schooners  and  steamers. 

(See  port  shipments  and  receipts.) 

By  the  recent  completion  of  its  coast  line  133-  the 
Southern  Pacific  railroad,  Santa  Barbara  is  now  upon 
\vhat  \Yi\\  probabh-  be  the  main  passenger  line  for  tour- 
ist travel  from  the  east  to  San  Francisco  hj  way  of 
Los  Angeles. 

The  western  section  of  the  countrj^  formerly  reached 
by  stage  is  thus  made  readily  accessible  to  the  city. 

The  extension  of  a  branch  line  from  Santa  Barbara 
east  to  the  Bakersfield  district  is  a  possibility'  in  the 
near  future.  This  road  would  connect  both  the  coast 
and  central  divisions  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad, 
and  immediateh'  open  up  a  vast  field  for  shipments  by 
sea  by  wa^'  of  Santa  Barbara,  the  nearest  coast  port. 

The  cit3'  is  connected  wath  the  countr\'  district  by 
excellent  highwaj^s,  the  main  road  running  east  and 
west  through  the  Santa  Barbara  valle3' passing  through 
its  most  prosperous  settlement  with  intersecting  roads, 
giving  eas3^  access  to  the  more  remote  localities. 

The  northern  end  of  the  count3'  is  reached  b3'  two 
main  highways,  one  following  the  mountain  range  to 
Gaviota  near  Point  Conception  and  passing  through 
near  the  shore,  and  the  other  crossing  the  mountains 
In-  wa3'  of  the  San  Marcos  Pass.  The  main  road,  as 
well  as  numerous  branches,  are  regularh-  watered  for 
ten  miles  east  and  west  of  the  citv. 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL,  53 

MUNICIPAL. 

The  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  as  the  county  seat,  pos- 
sesses a  commodious  county  Court-house  and  modern 
Hall  of  Records.  The  Superior  Court  is  in  continuous 
session. 

The  municipal  government  is  generally  progressive 
in  its  efforts  to  improve  all  conditions  of  the  city,  the 
street,  fire,  water,  lighting  and  drainage  departments 
receiving  special  attention. 

Among  the  noteworthy  improvements  in  the  past 
may  be  mentioned  the  asphalting  of  State  street,  the 
citj^'s  chief  thoroughfare,  for  a  distance  of  two  miles,  at 
an  expense  of  $163,000,  stretching  from  the  beach  back 
towards  the  Mission. 

The  completion  of  a  fine  asphalt  boulevard  along 
the  beach  intersecting  State  street  at  right  angles.  On 
the  west  it  extends  for  half  a  mile,  lined  with  palms  and 
ending  in  a  city  plaza. 

To  the  east  of  State  street  the  boulevard  follows  the 
shore  in  a  sweeping  curve,  and  is  asphalted  to  the  city 
limits. 

This  is  the  main  drive  between  Santa  Barbara  and 
Montecito. 

The  establishment  of  a  municipal  water  sj'stem  is  a 
marked  advance  in  the  improvement  of  the  city. 

This  system  is  operated  I33'  means  of  a  water  tunnel 
driven  in  the  mountains  several  miles  distant  and  con- 
veyed to  a  series  of  storage  reservoirs  upon  the  neigh- 
boring foothills  at  an  elevation  sufficient  to  give  ample 
w^ater  pressure  either  for  fire  or  domestic  use  within 
the  city  limits. 

The  experimental  stage  has  been  passed  ;  large  areas 
of  land  have  been  secured  to  the  city  by  the  United 
States  government,  and  the  tunnel  is  being  pushed 
forward  actively  to  final  completion. 

The  water  thus  obtained  is  of  the  ver3'  best  quality. 

The  issue  of  $10,000  worth  of  bonds  for  a  ward 
school,  and  the  further  issue  of  $60,000  in  bonds  for  a 
modern  high  school  building  b\'  a  strong  popular  vote, 


54  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


represent  the  most  reeent  progress  in  the  eity's  devel- 
opment, 

Santa  Barbara  is  exeelled  by  few  eities  of  its  size  in 
the  liberalit}^  with  which  it  supports  its  pubHc  school 
system.  Besides  the  grammar,  primary' and  high  school 
it  maintains  a  Slo3'd  school,  sewing  and  cooking  school,, 
as  well  as  a  kindergarten  in  each  ward. 

The  total  number  of  pupils  is  1,778,  with  123 
teachers. 

PRIVATE   SCHOOLS. 

Among  its  principal  institutions  should  be  men- 
tioned the  collegiate  school  for  boys  and  girls,  gradu- 
ating its  students  for  university  work.  Its  standard 
of  excellence  is  high. 

The  Mission  school  for  boys  under  the  care  of  the 
Franciscan  Fathers  and  an  orphan  school  conducted  by 
the  Sisters  of  Charity-. 

A  fine  stone  building  is  nearly  completed  in  the  Mis- 
sion grounds  which  is  designed  for  a  college  for  \^oung 
men,  and  will  also  be  under  the  charge  of  the  Mission 
Fathers. 

An  excellent  business  college,  established  wnth  the 
view  of  giving  a  broader  business  training  than  has 
been  offered  heretofore  by  the  usual  business  school. 
The  curriculum  covers  a  wide  range  of  commercial  sub- 
jects, including  stenograph}^  and  typewriting,  and 
which  requires  a  period  of  from  one  to  one  and  a-half 
years  to  complete. 

PUBLIC    LIBRARY. 

The  Santa  Barbara  public  librar\^  contains  13,000 
volumes  of  well-selected  books,  and  reading-room  with 
the  standard  and  popular  periodicals.  Visitors  as  well 
as  residents  of  the  citj^  are  entitled  to  the  privileges  of 
the  library. 

CHURCHES. 

The  churches  and  religious  organizations  include  the 
Parochial  Catholic,  the  Mission,  Methodist,  Presb3'te- 
rian,  Episcopal,  Baptist,  Unitarian,  Christian,  Congre- 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  55 

gational,   Holiness,   Faith    Mission,    Salvation  Arm}-, 
Christian  Science  and  Y.  M.  C.  A, 

HOSPITALS. 

The  county  hospital  and  poor  tarm  is  a  well  organ- 
ized and  thoroughh'  well  equipped  institution. 

The  cottage  hospital  is  a  private  institution,  oper- 
ated by  a  board  of  managers,  consisting  of  some  of  the 
prominent  women  of  the  city. 

The  St.  Cecelia  Club  maintains  a  free  ward  in  the 
hospital. 

The  Anna  S.  C.  Blake  Sanitarium  for  convalescing 
patients  is  delightfully  located  back  of  the  Mission  on 
the  rising  hillside,  and  is  chiefly  patronized  by  the 
wealthier  class. 

FINANCIAL. 

The  banking  facilities  of  Santa  Barbara  consist  of 
two  National,  one  State,  and  one  savings  and  loan 
bank.  The  total  capital  surplus  and  undivided  profits 
are  $440,263  ;  the  total  deposits  $1,632,913.  Current 
rates  of  discount  eight  per  cent  per  annum. 

The  resources  and  liabilities  of  the  several  banks  are 
as  follows : 

The  First  National  Bank $537,657  63 

Santa  Barl^ara  Count^^  National  Bank..       592,195   74 

Commercial  Bank '. 489,237  06 

Santa  Barbara  Savings  &  Loan  Bank...       547,155   75 

Total $2,166,246   18 

MERCANTILE. 

Being  the  county  seat,  supplying  a  large  area  of 
territory,  the  city's  mercantile  business  is  extensive 
and  prosperous.  Both  wholesale  and  retail  business  is 
done  in  hardware,  iron  and  steel,  groceries,  provisions, 
feed,  meats  and  drugs,  besides  many  other  lines  of 
trade. 

It  is,  of  course,  impossible  to  ascertain  accurately 
the  amount  of  capital  invested  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness of  uny  city;  but,  from  a  careful  canvass,  we  give 


56 


CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


the  following  estimates  as  being  approximately  eorrect: 

Grocers $184,500 

Drug  Stores 87,000 

Hardware 162,000 

Dry  Goods 140,500 

Clothing 154,200 

Shoes 74,400 

Miscellaneous 116,100 

Total $918,700 


INDUSTRIAL. 

While  the  industries  of  the  city  are  numerous,  with 
the  exception  of  the  lemon  packing  houses,  lumber  and 
planing  mill  and  ice  factorj^  they  are  not  upon  an 
extensive  scale. 

Besides  the  foregoing,  they  comprise  in  general  the 
following : 


Asphaltum, 

Bakeries. 

Bituminous  pavement. 

Blacksmithing. 

Bookbinding 

Bottling — Beer. 

Bottling — Soda. 

Boxes — Wood. 

Brewing. 

Brick. 

Brooms  and  brushes. 

Cigars. 

Confectionery. 

Dressmaking. 

Drugs. 

Dyeing  and  cleaning. 

Electric  goods. 

Electric  light. 

Electric  power. 

Engraving 

Flour  and  feed. 

Fruit  canning. 

Gas. 

Ice. 


Ladders. 

Lemon-packing, 

Lumber. 

Maccaroni. 

Marble  w^ork. 

Mexican  stamped  leather. 

Photographs. 

Plumbing. 

Printing. 

Repair  shops. 

Read}^  prints. 

Rubber  stamps. 

Saddler\^  and  harness. 

Sash  and  doors. 

Boat  building. 

Signs. 

Stairs. 

Tailoring. 

Tents  and  awnings. 

Tile  plant. 

Tinning. 

Umbrellas. 

Upholstering. 

Wagons  and  carriages. 


SANTA  BARBARA,  CAL.  57 

PROFESSIONAL. 

The  professional  life  of  the  citj^ — doctors,  lawyers 
and  dentists  in  particular — are  more  than  well 
represented.  Other  lines,  while  not  so  fully  represented, 
are  fully  ample  for  the  citj-'s  requirements  at  present, 
although  professional  men  of  marked  ability  and  attain- 
ments alw^a3's  have  the  opportunit3'  for  successful 
practice  open  here,  as  elsew^here. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The  city  is  well  represented  b^^  its  press,  three  of 
which  are  dailies,  the  "Morning  Press,"  "Daily  News," 
and  "Independent."  The  weekly  publications  consist 
of  the  "Weekly  Press,"  "Herald"  and  "People's  Paper." 

HOTELS. 

The  city's  hotels  comprise  the  well  known  Arlington, 
on  upper  State  street,  about  a  mile  from  the  ocean. 
With  its  extensive  buildings  offering  accommodations 
to  500  guests,  and  its  well  kept  grounds,  it  constitutes 
the  main  place  of  sojourn  for  eastern  visitors  during 
the  winter  months. 

The  Alascarel,  Raffour  House,  and  New  Morris  are 
situated  in  the  business  portion  of  the  city,  and  are 
excellent  commercial  houses. 

Among  the  best  of  jjrivate  boarding-houses  may  l)e 
mentioned  such  well  knov^^n  establishments  as  The 
Palms,  Baxter  Terrace,  Upham  House,  Mrs.  Raine3''s, 
Islamer,  Miss  Lamson's,  and  the  De  la  Vina  House. 

Owing  to  the  press  of  visitors  during  the  winter 
season,  it  is  generally  advisable  to  engage  accommoda- 
tions well  in  advance. 

CORPORATIONS. 

With  the  completion  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad 
main  shore  line  through  the  city,  the  probable  estab- 
lishment of  railroad  repair  shops,  etc.,  may  be  looked 
for  in  the  near  future.  At  present  the  Southern  Pacific 
Company's  improvements  are  limited  to  suitable  freight 
and  passenger  stations  within  the  city  limits. 

The  Pacific  Improvement  Company,  owners  of  the 


58  CHAMBER   OF   COMMERCE, 


famous  Del  Monte  Hotel  at  Monterey,  are  owners  of 
two  thousand  acres  of  land  within  a  short  distance  of 
the  city,  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  passing  its  boun- 
daries. This  splendid  property  is  beautifully  located, 
covered  with  fine  oak  trees,  forming  a  natural  park. 
For  residence  building  sites  or  hotel  purposes,  it  cannot 
be  excelled.  The  compam-  is  developing  large  quantities 
of  water  in  the  adjacent  mountains,  and  the  opening  of 
this  famous  park  in  some  form  is  anticipated  in  the 
near  future. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Water  Company  own  and  oper- 
ate an  extensive  water  system  throughout  the  city 
limits.  This  company  has  recently  acquired  a  large 
body  of  land  upon  the  headwaters  of  the  Santa  Ynez 
river  for  storage  purposes.  The  construction  of  storage 
dams  upon  the  property  at  an  elevation  capable  of  sup- 
ph'ing  an  abundance  of  water  for  miles  to  the  outlying 
fruit  sections,  together  with  ample  horse  power 
for  general  commercial  use,  will  have  a  marked  influence 
upon  the  future  growth  of  the  city  and  its  neighbor- 
hood. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Consolidated  Electric  Compan}' 
maintains  an  excellent  electric  car  service  lor  several 
miles  throughout  the  city.  The  extension  of  this  ser- 
vice east  and  west  to  Montecito  and  Goleta  respec- 
tively, ma3'  be  looked  upon  as  a  possibility-  in  the  near 
future,  and  will  tend  to  stimulate  the  growth  and 
development  of  outside  property  with  great  rapidity-. 

The  United  Electric,  Gas  and  Power  Company  oper- 
ates the  general  commercial  power  and  electric  lighting 
plants  in  the  city,  and  furnishes  excellent  service. 
A  new  power  and  electric  plant  capable  of  supph'ing 
the  growing  needs  of  the  city  for  many  years  is  also  in 
course  of  construction.  The  duplication  of  the  present 
power  establishment  thus  renders  an3'  possible  stoppage 
or  delay  impossible  in  the  supply  of  power  or  electricit3'. 
In  conjunction  with  the  new  plant  this  company  will 
erect  one  of  the  finest  modern  bath-houses  on  the  Call- 


SANTA    BARBARA,    CAL.  59 


fornia  coast.  Supplied  with  even^  convenience,  with 
large  swimming  tanks  of  salt  water  of  diftercnt  temper- 
atures, it  will  be  operated  throughout  the  year  and  will 
be  one  of  the  city's  greatest  attractions  to  winter  and 
summer  visitors.  The  structure  will  be  located  close 
to  the  beach  adjacent  to  the  city  plaza  at  the  west  end 
of  the  boulevard. 

Individual  enterprise  has  already  secured  by  purchase 
the  famous  Burton  Mound  tract,  a  short  distance  east 
of  the  plaza  and  fronting  on  the  boulevard,  for  hotel 
purposes.  The  city  has  released  its  rights  to  platted 
streets  through  the  propert3'  in  order  that  it  may  be 
devoted  to  this  purpose.  No  finer  location  could  possi- 
bly be  found  for  a  large  seashore  hotel  than  is  offered 
by  this  tract.  A  slight  mound-like  elevation,  as  its 
name  indicates,  rising  upon  the  level  land  surrounding 
it  by  gentle  approaches,  with  excellent  drainage  facili- 
ties, but  a  step  across  the  boulevard  to  the  shore  and . 
surf-bathing.  Five  minutes  walk  from  the  new  bath- 
house, the  electric  car  line  passing  in  front  of  it,  with 
an  unparalleled  view  of  the  curving  shore  and  moun- 
tain range  for  nearW  twenty  miles,  it  offers  all  the 
essential  features  necessary  for  success. 

The  hotel  to  be  erected  here  will  unquestionably 
prove  a  favorite  resort  for  both  eastern  and  California 
visitors  seeking  the  shore,  during  all  seasons  of  the 
year.  No  enterprise  in  recent  years  undertaken  in  the 
cit}'  promises  such  marked  success  financially  or  such  a 
gain  to  the  communit}^  at  large. 

CLUBS. 

There  are  many  things  necessar3^  to  make  life  enjoy, 
cible  besides  fine  climate  and  scenery. 

Among  these,  most  prominent  of  all,  are  cultivated 
social  surroundings.  In  this  respect  the  city  £ind  vicin- 
it^^  are  noted  ever}'^ where,  the  charm  of  her  social  life 
and  hospitality  being  pre-eminent. 

The  large  resident  contingent  from  the  New  England 
and  Middle  Atlantic  States  have  long  constituted  the 


60  CHAMBER  OF   COMMERCE, 

social  element   of  the  city,  maintaining  it   by  ever  in- 
crccising  additions  to  their  numbers. 

7'Ae   Union    Club. — The   oldest  organization  of  the 
kind  in  the  city,  comprises  a  list  of  the  senior  members 
of  the  community. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Club. — It  is  the  general  meeting 
ground  of  the  junior  members  of  the  city  and  vicinity, 
and  is  the  favorite  resort  of  visitors,  many  of  whom 
are  regular  meml3ers  though  visiting  the  city  only  at 
long  intervals.  The  hospitality  of  the  club  and  the 
charm  of  its  plain  furnishings  are  too  well  kno\vn  to 
be  described.  ProbabW  no  club  in  the  country  is  better 
or  more  widely  known  than  the  Santa  Barbara  Club, 
for  it  has  extended  its  hospitality  to  men  from  all  parts 
of  the  world. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Country  Chib. — Described  under 
the  article  on  Montecito,  is  modern  in  all  its  equip- 
ments. It  is  essentially  the  center  and  gathering 
place  for  all  classes  of  sports,  and  full^-  maintains 
its  reputation  of  what  a  Countrj^  Club  should  be. 
Luncheons,  dinners  and  social  functions  are  regularly 
maintained.  Saturday  is  set  aside  as  "Ladies'  Day," 
and  it  is  generally  well  attended.  The  club  extends  its 
hospitality  to  visitors,  introduced  by  members,  by  vis- 
itors cards,  or  short  time  membership. 

The  Women's  Club  of  Santa  Barbara. — Is  a  recent 
organization  and  contains  a  large  and  influential 
membership.  The  club  has  its  own  hall,  and  its  social 
and  business  meetings  are  features  of  great  interest. 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  rooms  have  recently  been  enlarged 
and  an  excellent  gymnasiuin  added  for  the  use  of  the 
younger  members.  This  organization  here,  as  else- 
w^here,  is  w^ell  supported  b\'  the  business  community. 

Many  other  organizations  of  lesser  size  but  equal 
enterprise  might  be  mentioned. 

Santa  Barbara  is  well  supplied  with  out-door 
amusements  and  recreations;  among  the  latter  ma}" 
be  mentioned  the  following: 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  61 

Santa  Barbara  County  Polo  Club.  —  This  organi- 
zation is  maintained  by  city  and  Montecito  member- 
ships and  voluntary'  subscriptions  of  visitin*^  players, 
to  w^hom  the  use  of  the  polo  grounds  is  extended  for 
the  season,  upon  being  introduced  by  members.  The 
polo  field  is  centrally  located,  a  half  mile  back  from  the 
ocean  and  about  the  same  distance  from  the  center  of 
the  city,  and  ten  minutes  from  the  Arlington  Hotel.  A 
dirt  field,  \vith  parallel  sides  sloping  gradually  toward 
the  center,  sufiicient  pitch  to  drain  rapidh',  and  a  loiim 
soil  giving  a  safe,  springy  footing,  it  offers  one  of  the 
best  polo  fields  in  the  country.  For  fast  work  and 
quick  turns  in  safety  it  is  unexcelled ;  side  slips  and 
falls  are  unknown,  corks  or  turned  dowm  heels  are  not 
used,  and  many  new  ponies  are  played  at  times  with- 
out shoeing.  In  these  respects  the  advantage  over 
grass  fields  is  pronounced.  For  beginners  in  particular, 
it  offers  the  greatest  possible  advantage  in  minimum  of 
danger  from  accident.  Polo  is  plaj^ed  throughout  the 
year,  winter  and  summer.  No  game  has  been  post- 
poned on  account  of  heat  —  the  summer  coolness  being 
remarkal3le.  Regular  match  games  are  pla^^ed  once  a 
week,  the  grounds  being  open  for  practice  games  on 
other  da\'s.  Tournament  matches  are  played  with 
other  polo  clubs.  The  Club's  ground  is  a  favorite 
resort  for  visiting  pla3"ers  of  all  kinds  —  men  desirous 
of  keeping  in  good  condition  during  the  winter,  for  the 
summer  tournaments  in  the  East,  others  who  have 
retired  from  active  team  work  but  yet  enjoy  the  game, 
and  junior  members  anxious  to  learn.  Good  ponies, 
but  unbroken  to  the  game,  can  be  purchased  from 
$25  to  $100.  A  few  can  be  hired,  regular  stabling  at 
$15.00  per  month. 

The  Arlington  Golf  Links.— Th^  most  recent  addi- 
tion to  Santa  Barbara's  list  of  outdoor  recreation 
grounds,  are  situated  south  of  the  Mission,  upon  the 
hillside  adjacent  to  it.  Commanding  extensive  views 
of  the  valley,  mountains  and  ocean,  the  grounds  are 
alreadv  a  favorite  resort  of  visitors  and  local  players. 


62  CHAMBER   OF   COMMERCE, 


The  suburban  roads  pass  entirely  around  the  grounds, 
giving  spectators  w^ho  prefer  to  drive  or  ride,  excellent 
opportunities  of  ^vitness^ng  the  progress  of  the  game 
in  all  its  stages.  The  links  are  reached  bj^  the  electric 
car  line,  ten  minutes'  ride  from  the  Arlington  Hotel 
and  two  blocks  distant  from  the  grounds.  The  grounds 
are  maintained  by  the  Arlington  Hotel,  where  memlier- 
ship  rates  can  be  secured. 

The  Guadaloupe  Gun  Club. — This  Club  was  organ- 
ized September  18,  1897,  and  is  composed  of  Santa 
Barbara  sportsmen,  with  a  limit  of  thirty  members. 
The  Club  leases  the  shooting  and  fishing  privileges  on 
Lake  Guadalupe,  situated  in  the  extreme  northwesterly 
end  of  Santa  Barbara  County,  as  well  as  the  shooting 
on  the  lands  surrounding  the  lake,  comprising  an  ex- 
tensive acreage.  From  Santa  Barbara  the  lake  can 
now^  be  reached  directly  by  rail,  the  new^  coast  line  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  skirting  the  foothills  south  of  the 
property,  and  a  flag  station  situated  but  a  short  dis- 
tance froiu  the  shore  of  the  lake  affords  access  to  and 
from  the  passing  trains.  The  journey  from  San  Fran- 
cisco to  the  lake  can  be  made  in  about  nine  hours,  and 
from  Santa  Barbara  in  less  than  three  hours,  the  dis- 
tance being  about  eightj^  miles.  The  Club  leases  the 
Laguna  ranch  house,  ^rhich  affords  comfortable  accom- 
modations for  its  members  and  guests,  and  employs  a 
game-keeper  during  the  shooting  season,  who,  besides 
his  duties  as  a  patrolman  on  the  lake  and  leased 
territory,  attends  to  the  wants  and  comforts  of  the 
members  during  their  visits  to  the  lake.  During  certain 
v^inter  months,  which  vary  according  to  the  character 
of  the  season  experienced,  very  excellent  shooting  is  to 
be  had  on  this  preserve,  and  the  careful  protection 
afforded  the  game  on  the  lake  during  the  past  few- 
years  has  resulted  in  a  satisfactory^  increase  in  the 
number  of  birds  frequenting  the  water  during  the 
season.  The  lake  in  past  years  was  a  favorite  haunt 
for  all  manner  of  wild  fowl,  but  indiscriminate  slaugh- 
ter   on    the    part  of  market  hunters   and   others  had 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  63 

ruined  it  as  a  hunting  ground.  Shooting  can  be  had 
from  boats,  bhnds  or  flight-ways,  according  to  the 
inclination  of  the  sportsman.  A  Hmited  area  of  swamp 
land  in  the  vicinity  furnishes  a  feeding  ground  for  Eng- 
lish snipe,  which  can  generally  be  found,  and  good  bags 
are  of  frequent  occurrence.  Ducks  of  every  description 
frequent  this  lake,  some  of  the  mam-  species  being  the 
Canvas-back,  Mallard,  Black  Mallard,  Gadwal  Sprig, 
Wigeon,  Spoonbill,  Teal  (both  green-wing  and  cinna- 
mon), Ruddj'  Butter-ball,  and  other  varieties  less 
valued  for  food  or  shooting.  Swan,  geese  (both  gra^- 
and  w^hite),  ibis,  plover  and  willet,  also  frecjuent  the 
lake,  often  in  goodly  numbers.  Canvas-back  in  count- 
less numbers  can  be  seen  on  the  lake  at  certain  seasons 
of  the  year,  though  their  stay  is  generally  limited  to  a 
few  weeks.  Certain  restrictions  as  to  the  methods  of 
shooting  are  put  upon  the  members,  as,  for  example:  a 
bag  limit  of  twenty -five  ducks  per  diem;  the  use  of  an\' 
kind  of  rifle  on  the  lake  is  prohibited,  and  no  night 
shooting  is  allowable.  A  renewal  of  the  leases  for  a 
term  of  years  having  l:)een  recently  effected,  it  is  the 
intention  of  the  Club  to  plant  suitable  -duck  feed  about 
the  lake,  as  well  as  the  adoption  of  anj-  other  methods 
which  will  tend  to  further  the  encouragement  of  wild 
fowl  on  its  waters.  Each  member  is  entitled  to  two 
permits  during  the  shooting  season  which  entitle 
the  holder  to  the  privileges  of  the  Club  and  shooting,  a 
nominal  charge  being  made  for  the  same.  It  is  said 
that  few  preserves  in  the  State  afford  the  opportunities 
for  good  shooting  that  this  lake  does. 

YACHTING. 

While  no  yachting  club  exists,  boating  and  sailing 
are  favorite  amusements.  Several  modern  sloops  have 
been  launched  during  the  past  season  and  trips  to  the 
islands  are  frequent,  often  extended  into  cruises  of  a 
week  or  more,  with  intervals  of  shore  camping  and 
fishing. 

Probably  no  place  in  the  world  offers  a  safer  or 
more  pleasant  field  for  yachting  than  the  Santa   Bar- 


64  CHAMBER   OF   COMMERCE, 


bara  Channel,  combining  as  it  does,  perfect  safety  and 
ample  sea  room  for  maneuvers  of  racing  craft,  either 
on  straight-away  or  triangular  courses,  with  op])or- 
tunity  for  extended  cruises  in  the  Southern  Seas,  from 
Point  Concepcion  to  San  Diego.  The  pleasures  of  win- 
ter cruises  cannot  l;e  excelled  by  the  more  extended 
trips  of  the  Eastern  clubs  to  the  Bahamas  and  South- 
ern Islands. 

That  this  class  of  sport  has  not  been  seized  upon  by 
the  Eastern  sojourners  for  the  winter  is  a  profound 
mystery,  for  good  cruising  and  racing  craft  can  be 
built  as  well  and  about  as  cheaply  in  San  Francisco  as 
anyw^here  in  the  East,  or  may  be  hired  for  the  purpose. 

FISHING. 

Of  late  years  Southern  California  sea  fishing  with 
rod  and  line  has  attracted  attention  from  lovers  of  the 
sport  all  over  the  world. 

No  finer  game  fish  exists  than  the  celebrated  yellows- 
tail,  olten  w^eighing  thirty  pounds;  its  endurance  and 
determined  rushes  exceed  in  power  and  strength  that 
of  the  salmon;  while  the  heavier  game  fish,  such  as 
sea-bass  and  jew-fish,  the  latter  often  w^eighing  sev- 
eral hundred  pounds,  are  constant  daily  victims  to 
the  rods  of  the  more  skillful  anglers.  Troling  with 
hand-line  also  furnishes  ample  sport  in  the  abundant 
catch  of  Barracuda,  Mackeral  and  Bonita  during  the 
summer  season.  Fishing  is  carried  on  outside  of  the 
line  of  kelp,  half  a  mile  from  shore.  Often  heavy 
catches  of  j^ellow^tail  are  made  from  the  ocean  dock. 
In  the  winter  months,  however,  the  fish  seek  the  deeper 
w^ater,  several  miles  off  shore,  and  fully  repay  the  extra 
labor  by  their  numbers  and  fine  condition. 

SEA    BATHING. 

Owing  to  its  protected  shore  the  Santa  Barbara 
beach  offers  unusual  bathing  advantages,  the  lack  of 
storms  or  heavy  undertow,  rendering  it  particularh^ 
attractive  to  inexperienced  bathers  and  w'omen  and 
children.    The  feeling  that  the  youngest  child  can  play 


SANTA   BARBARA,   CAL.  65 


along  the  edge  of  the  water  without  the  fear  of  being 
engulfed  by  a  rapidly  incoming  breaker,  necessitating 
constant  watchfulness  and  anxiety,  gives  an  added 
charm  to  the  shore  line  which  visitors  fully  ajjpreciate. 
While  bathing  is  indulged  in  even  in  the  winter  months 
of  January  and  Februar3',  b^-  the  more  hardy,  the  gen- 
eral season  is  from  June  to  December.  With  the  advent 
of  the  fine  new  bathing  establishment,  however,  with 
tempered  water,  sea  bathing  in  Santa  Barbara  will 
have  no  end  to  its  seascm,  even  for  the  most  delicate 
constitutions. 

North  of  the  City  of  Santa  Barbara  a  marked 
change  is  immediately  noted  in  the  increased  coldness 
of  the  ocean  waters;  the  warmth  of  the  southern  cur- 
rents finally'  being  merged  at  Point  Concepcion  in  the 
cold  ocean  currents  from  the  north.  While  no  data  is 
at  hand  to  forni  reliable  comparisons,  the  following 
figures  show  that  the  Pacific  ocean  temperatures  at  the 
City  of  Santa  Barbara  will  compare  favorably  even 
during  the  winter  months,  wdth  points  on  the  Atlantic 
washed  by  the  Gulf  stream,  as  far  south  as  Florida.  A 
marked  characteristic,  as  shov^n  bj-  the  records  of 
twenty  years,  is  the  slight  variation  between  winter 
and  summer,  amounting  to  but  16°;  the  lowest  record 
is  58°,  the  highest  74°. 

OCEAN   TEMPERATURES. 

Summer 65°  to  74° 

Winter 58°  to  62° 


66  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


HEALTH, 


Southern  Calilomia  holds  a  reputation  unrivalled 
bv  any  other  section  of  the  world  for  salubrit}-  of  its 
climate  and  its  natural  freedom  from  disease,  as  well 
as  its  curative  power.  Owing  to  its  wonderful  diver- 
sity of  climatic  conditions  in  small  areas  immediateh' 
adjacent  to  each  other,  meeting  all  the  wide  range  of 
temperatures,  ample  atmospheric  moisture  or  the  great 
drjmess  desired  bj-  individual  conditions  of  health,  it 
possesses  possibilities  of  recovery  far  be^^ond  any 
known  section.  Yet  this  fact,  owing  to  the  apparent 
lack  of  scientific  knowledge  as  to  the  best  section  for 
specific  cases  of  disease,  has  had  a  marked  effect  on 
Southern  California's  reputation,  and  must  ultimately- 
tend  to  her  injurs-,  if  continued.  As  each  individual 
case  differs  essentially  from  others,  in  its  stage  or  con- 
ditions, so  the  greater  care  is  necessar\-  to  place  the 
individual  at  that  point  where  conservative  and  un- 
biased results  have  proved  conclusively  that  benefit  or 
recovers-  ma^-  be  attained.  No  great  and  permanent 
advantage  can  be  realized  b3'  the  world  at  large  until 
the  varied  resources  of  Southern  California  in  this 
respect  are  placed  under  Government  care,  and  experi- 
mental stations  are  established  under  the  supervision 
of  proper  Government  experts  for  the  tabulation  of 
results. 

Owing  to  the  climatic  conditions  in  Santa  Barbara 
County,  a  wide  range,  renders  it  possible  to  obtain 
nearly  all  classes  of  atmospheric  conditions  desired  bj- 
those  in  search  of  health.  This  is  particularh-  marked 
in  the  City  of  Santa  Barbara  and  vicinitj^,  where  sea 
level  is  onh-  distant  five  miles  from  mountain  elevation 
and  half  as  much  from  the  foot-hill  region.    The  varied 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  67 

possibilities  of  this  section  are,  therefore,  unicjue  in 
giving  the  health  conditions;  lack  of  storms,  constant 
sunshine,  and  a  wonderfulh-  low  and  even  humidity 
throughout  the  3^ear,  being  marked  and  essential  fac- 
tors in  producing  a  degree  of  health  and  low  rate  of 
mortalitj'  unequalled  in  the  world.     (See  climate). 

The  city's  population  is  about  three-fourths  Eastern 
or  Anglo-American  and   one-fourth    Spanish- American. 

The  tabulation  of  mortalitj^  statistic^  for  the  cur- 
rent year,  as  compiled  by  the  cit3^'s  health  officer,  from 
the  Anglo-American  population  of  more  than  one  ^^ear's 
residence,  sho-w  a  death  ratio  of  5-16  —  being  one  of 
the  lowest  rates  on  record.  Alany  diseases,  fatal  to 
young  children  elsewhere,  are  almost  unknown  in  Santa 
Barbara.  The  constant  possibilities  of  outdoor  life 
and  recreation,  aiding  materially  in  the  singular  im- 
munity from  diseases  which  prove  fatal  in  less  favored 
localities.  With  700  children  under  the  age  of  five 
years,  the  City's  health  officer  reports  but  98  deaths, 
and  no  death  from  either  cholera  or  diarrhea. 

Among  the  numerous  cases  of  marked  benefit  and 
cure  Vk^hich  have  been  demonstrated  by  residence  in  this 
city,  or  its  immediate  neighborhood,  the  following  may 
be  mentioned:  Asthma,  catarrh,  neuralgia,  nervous 
prostration  and  all  other  nerv^ous  complaints,  rheuma- 
tism, sciatica,  and  all  troubles  of  a  like  nature,  and  all 
pulmonary  diseases  in  their  incipient  stages.  Malaria 
and  hay  fever  are  unkriown.  There  are  no  endemic  or 
epidemic  diseases.  Santa  Barbara's  reputation,  there- 
fore, as  the  healthiest  resort  in  the  world,  rests  upon  a 
firm  foundation;  not  merely  on  brief  statistics,  but  in 
the  actual  beneficial  results  and  radical  cures  which 
have  been  obtained  during  a  period  of  nearly  twent}'- 
five  years,  during  which  it  has  been  familiarly  known 
as  America's  most  famous  and  beautiful  health  resort. 
To  this  thousands  have  testified,  and  her  continued 
growth  and  prosperity,  her  constant,  annual  stream  of 
visitors,  both  \vinter  jind  summer,  and  the  permanency 
of  their  stay,  in  establishing  residences  of  their  own,  is 
the  final  factor  of  incontestable  proof. 


68  CHAMBER  OF  COMxMERCE, 


COMPARATIVE  MORTALITY  TABLE. 

The  following  table  shows  the  average  death   rate 
of  well-known  cities  throughout  the  world; 

CITIES.  DEATH  RATE. 

New  York 16.90 

Boston 22.36 

London 15.36 

Glasgow 20.82 

Dublin 23.17 

Paris , 19.37 

Berlin..... 20.80 

Portland,  Me 27.30 

Baltimore,  Md 16.85 

Davenport,  la 15.10 

Cleveland,  Ohio 14.06 

Pueblo,  Cal 13.22 

Nashville,  Tenn 17.17 

Philadelphia,  Pa 18.78 

Hartford,  Conn 17.66 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 14.81 

Pittsburg 19.00 

Washington,  D.  C 20.96 

Chicas-o 14.63 


SANTA  BARBARA, CAL.  69 


SANTA  BARBARA  POST  OFFICE. 

On  regular  Aveek  days  the  windo-ws  open  for  busi- 
ness at  8  a.  m.  and  clovse  at  6  p.  m.  On  Sundays  and 
holidays  the  carriers'  window  and  general  deliver3'  are 
open  from  2  to  3  p.  m.  The  principal  mails  arrive  at 
1:15  p.  m.  and  7:20  p.  m.  daih'.  The  rural  carriers 
leave  for  their  respective  routes  about  2  ]).  m.  every 
day  in  the  year  except  Sunday. 

There  are  six  carrier  districts  in  the  city,  eml)racing 
all  important  settlements  within  the  corporate  limits. 
The  business  transactions  of  the  past  twelve  months 
are  as  follows: 

Postal  receipts  from  all  sources,  about $  20,000.00 

8654  Domestic  money  orders  issued 60,428.36 

580  International  "  "     5,171.99 

Total  fees 803.25 

451  Certificates  of  deposits  issued 46,842.00 

Drafts  drawn  on  Postmaster  at  New  York        2,500.00 
5159    Domestic    monev    orders    paid   and 

repaid " 50,823.74 

188  International  orders  paid   and  repaid        5,281.07 

Funds  deposited  in  U.  S.  depository 59,155.00 

Total  transactions  Station  "A" 2,582.61 

Grand  total  buvsiness  transactions $253,588.02 


70  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


RAILROAD  SHIPMENTS. 

Statement  showing  freight  forw^arded  from  all 
stations  on  the  Southern  Pacific's  Company's  lines 
in  Santa  Barbara  County  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,   1900: 

IN  TONS. 

Grain 2855 

Millstuffs 66 

Hay 90 

Fruit,  dried 53 

Fruit,  green 2723 

Nuts 725 

Vegetables 4072 

Honey 7 

Other  agricultural  products 4973 

Live  stock 3629 

Wool 39 

Hides 40 

Asphaltum 3409 

Bituminous  rock 299 

Clay 139 

Stone 4765 

Lumber 253 

Wood 429 

Sugar 1168 

Petroleum..... 20223 

Other  manufacture 232 

Miscellaneous 978 

Merchandise 3738 

54905 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL. 


71 


PORT  SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS. 


Incoming  Freight  for  1899. 

Beer 4-44  tons. 

Cement 87 

Coal 577 

Coke 94 

Flour 640 

Grain 1360 

Gen.  Mdse 2202 

Liquor 228 

Potatoes 442 

Beans 26 

Sugar 200 

vShakes 35 

Salt 75 

Miscellaneous ...  75 


Outgoing  Freight  for  1899. 

Abalones 75  tons. 

Beans.... 20 

Crawfish 43 

Canned  fish 29 

Empties 190 

Junk 50 

Hides 109 

Lemons 1104 

Livestock 20 

Mineral  water....  115 

Olive  oil 20 

Miscellaneous 250 


72  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


COUNTY  ASSESSOR'S  REPORT. 

The  following  figures  taken  from  the  reports  of  the 
cit3'  and  county  assessor,  give  the  assessed  values  of 
property  in  the  city  and  county : 

COUNTY   assessor's   REPORT: 

Real  estate,  other  than  City  and  town  lots  $6,176,430.00 

Improvements  on  same 970,090.00 

City  and  town  lots 2,497,490.00 

Improvements  on  same 1,566,570.00 

Personal  property 1,633,280.00 

Total  value  of  all  the  property $12,843,860.00 

CITY   assessor's   REPORT. 

Real  estate $2,460,801.00 

Improvements 1,422,320.00 

Personal  property 545, 535 . 00 

Total  value  of  property $4,428,656.00 

LIVE  STOCK  IN  SANTA  BARBARA  COUNTY. 

Stock  cattle 44,960 

Dairy  cows 14,490 

Hogs 6,244 

Mules 1,810 

Horses,  standard  bred 46 

Horses,  American 1,826 

Horses,  mixed  breed 5,820 

Sheep... 149,300 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL. 


73 


RATES    OF    TAXATION    FOR    SANTA    BARBARA 
COUNTY    FOR  THE  YEAR   1900. 

State  and  county,  1.30;  road,  .40;  total $1.70 

Total  in  City  of  Santa  Barbara 1.85 

Total  in  Town  of  Lompoc 1.75 

Municipal  taxes  are  not  included  in  above  rates. 

SPECIAL  SCHOOL  RATES  IN   EACH    SCHOOL  DISTRICT. 

Aliso 10  Alontecito 24- 

Bonita 15  Rice 18 

Guadalupe 70  San  Marcos 20 

Highlands 50  Santa  Bar])ara 27 

Las  Cruces 04  Santa  Rosa 45 

Tecolote 12  


The  foregoing  rates  do  not  include  school  taxes  for 
high  school  purposes.  The  .27  rate  in  Santa  Barbara 
District  includes  Kindergarten  .ll,Sloyd  .11,  and  Bond 
Fund  .05. 

RATES   FOR   HIGH   SCHOOL   ALONE. 

Lompoc  Union  High  School 45 

Santa  Barbara  High  School 28 

Santa  Maria  Union  High  School 12 

Santa  Ynez  Vallev  Union  Hiffh  School 18 


TOTAL   RATE   IN    EACH   SCHOOL   DISTRICT. 


Agricola $1  82 

Aguaje i  15 

Aliso 1  80 

Artesia 2  15 

Ballard  . .            1  88 

Baron 1  88 

Bear  Creek 2  15 

Bell 1  70 

Bonita 1  97 

Carpi  ateria 1  70 

Casmalia 1  82 

Cathedral  Oaks 170 

Cojo :  2  15 

Cold  Springs 1  70 

College 1  88 

Cuvama 1  82 

Den 1  70 

Garey 1  82 

Guadalupe 2  52 

Highland 2  .3-> 

Honda 2  15 

Hope 1  70 

Jonata 188 

Laguna      182 

La  Graciosa 1  82 

La  Patera 1  70 

La  Salle 2  15 

La  Vista 1  70 

Las  Cruces 1  92 

Los  Alamos 1  70 

Los  Olivos 1  88 

Lynden. 2  15 

Lompoc  (out  of  town) 2  15 

Maple 2  15 


Manzana $1  82 

Martin 1  82 

Miguelito 2  15 

Mission 1  70 

Montecito 1  94 

Nojoqui 188 

Oak  Vale 1  82 

Ocean 1  70 

Olive 1  82 

Ortega 1  70 

Pine  Grove 1  82 

Pleasant  Valley 1  82 

Point  Sal 1  82 

Punta  Gorda  1  70 

Purisima 2  15 

Rafaela 1  70 

Rice 2  00 

Rincon 170 

San  Marcos 2  08 

Santa  Barbara  (out  of  city) 2  25 

Santa  Lucia 2  15 

Santa  Maria 1  8? 

Santa  Rita 2  15 

Santa  Rosa 2  15 

Sisquoc I  82 

Summerland 1  70 

Suev 1  82 

Tecolote 1  82 

Tepusquet 1  82 

Washington 1  82 

VVasioja 1  82 

Wise 2  15 

Wood 1  82 

Ynez 1  88 


74  CHAMBER   OF  COMMERCE, 


INDEBTEDNESS  OF  THE  CITY. 

Outfall  sewer  bonds  outstand- 
ing  $11,400  00 

Interest  to  July  1,  1900 380  00 

$11,780   00 
Cash  on  hand 1,533  43 

$10,246   57 

Boulevard  bonds  outstand- 
ing  $42,000  00 

Interest  due  on  same  to  July 

1,  1900 525  00 

Interest  coupons  outstanding         100  00 

$42,625   00 

By  cash  on  hand 183   75 

$42,441   25 

Total    indebtedness    July 

1,  1900 $52,687  72 


SANTA    BARBARA,    CAL. 


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SANTA    BARBARA    COUNTY. 


NORTHERN    DIVISION. 

North  of  the  Santa  Ynez  mountains,  stretching  to 
the  north  and  west,  is  a  vast  region,  described  as  the 
northern  division  of  Santa  Barbara  County;  in  contour 
nearly  a  parallelogram,  seventy-  miles  long  from  east 
to  west,  and  thirty  miles  wide.  On  the  south,  the 
Santa  Ynez  mountains,  north  the  Santa  Maria  river, 
west  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  the  eastern  line  lies  over  the 
summit  of  the  Coast  Range  mountains,  constituting 
six-sevenths,  approximateh',  of  the  area  of  the  county. 

It  is  a  countrv'  of  hills,  valley's  and  mountains,  rich 
in  agricultural,  pastoral,  mineral  and  fuel  timber  re- 
sources, well  watered  by  rivers,  creeks  and  living 
springs.  Two  river  systems  intersect  it  froin  east  to 
west;  the  Santa  Ynez  in  the  southern  portion;  the 
Santa  Maria  on  the  north,  and  midway  between  these, 
rising  tw^enty-five  miles  from  the  coast,  the  Los  Alamos 
or  San  Antonio  creek  flows  through  the  Los  Alamos 
valley  to  the  sea.  Nearly  all  of  the  eastern  half  of  the 
approximate  parallelogram  consists  of  precipitous 
mountain  ridges,  with  a  few  small  vallcA^s.  A  large 
portion  is  held  as  a  National  forest  reserve.  It  is 
known  to  contain  iron,  coal,  tin,  copper  and  precious 
metals.  It  is  fair  to  say  that  these  mountains  have 
been  but  partiallj^  explored,  and  may  3'et  yield  up 
great  riches. 

The  western  section,  comprising  the  hill,  vallej'  and 
mesa  half,  is  full  of  attractive  resources,  awaiting  de- 
velopment. The  w^ater-sheds,  between  the  rivers  and 
creeks,    are    hills    not    mountains,    containing    broad 


SANTA    BARBARA,    CAL.  77 


canyons  and  extensive  mesas,  easily  traversed,  greatly 
facilitating  intercourse  and  trade  between  the  various 
towns  and  communities  of  the  large  valley's. 

Excellent  transportation  facilities  are  afforded. 
Two  railroads  intersect  the  country  from  north  to 
south  — the  Southern  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  from 
San  Francisco  to  Los  Angeles,  near  the  ocean,  and 
varying  ffom  ten  to  fifteen  miles  back;  the  Pacific 
Coast  Railway,  (narrow-gauge)  running  from  Port 
Harford,  in  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  extends  from  the 
Santa  Maria  river  to  Los  Olivos,  near  the  Santa  Ynez 
river.  Two  good  steamship  landings  or  wharves  are 
maintained  on  the  ocean  front,  one  at  Gaviota,  the 
other  near  the  mouth  of  the  Santa  Ynez  river  (Lompoc 
Landing,)  water  competition,  insuring  low  rates  for 
passengers  and  freight. 

The  Santa  Ynez  mountains,  which  rise  like  a  wall 
between  the  Santa  Barbara  valW  and  the  northern 
division,  do  not  shut  out  Santa  Barbara  enterprise, 
for  two  good  highways  and  a  railroad  lead  into  it. 

In  general  all  the  products  of  the  temperate  zone 
can  be  produced  in  abundance.  Nearly  all  the  varieties 
of  soil  to  be  found  in  California  are  here  —  decomposed 
granite  in  the  mountain  foothills,  rich  alluvial  deposits 
and  adobe  in  the  valleys  and  hills  toward  the  coast. 
The  prevalence  of  lime,  chalk,  gypsum  and  fossiliverous 
rock  causes  the  soil  to  be  rich  inrnost  places  to  the 
very  tops  of  the  hills;  even  the  sands  of  the  mesji  are 
fertilized  from  the  decomposed  fossils  of  the  sand-rock 
and  chalk,  and  produce  wonderful  crops  of  grain. 

LOMPOC. 

The  Lompoc  community  dominates  the  lower  pov- 
tion  of  the  Santa  Y^nez  river  region.  The  town  of  Lom- 
poc, situated  nine  miles  from  the  sea,  on  a  slight  eleva- 
tion at  the  foot  of  the  Lompoc  hills,  on  the  broad  allu- 
vial deposit,  13,000  acres  in  extent  (the  Lompoc  Valley 
proper),  is  the  trading  center  of  a  groujj  of  ranches  ag- 
gregating more  than  22vS,000  acres.  \Vith  several  thou- 
sand acres  of  patented  government  land,   4-8,000   acres 


78  CHA.MI5EK    OF   COMMERCE, 


represents  the  best  farming  land  ;  four-fifths  of  the  re- 
mainder is  excellent  for  dairy  land  and  stock  ranges. 

Transportation.  —  The  branch  of  the  Southern  Pa- 
cific Railroad  which  leaves  the  main  line  at  the  ocean 
end  of  the  valley,  nine  miles  distant,  terminates  here, 
soon  to  be  extended  up  the  Santa  Ynez  river,  ultimate- 
Iv,  it  is  thought,  to  the  Los  Prietos  quicksilver  mines, 
fift}'  miles  distant. 

Municipal.  —  Lompoc  is  an  incorporated  c\ty  of  the 
sixth  class  and  claims  1500  population  ;  the  city  owns 
a  fine  gravity-  domestic  Avater  system  of  pure  spring 
water,  ample  for  all  future  needs,  conducted  in  iron 
pipes,  and  maintains  a  fire  department,  city  hall,  broad 
cement  and  asphalt  sidewalks  and  well  graded  and  grav- 
eled streets.  Government  b^-  the  Town  Council  is  eco- 
nomical and  of  the  best.  The  rate  of  taxation  includ- 
ing State,  Count}-,  etc.,  is  less  within  the  city  than  out- 
side of  it.  The  lic^uor  trafiic  is  confined  by  license  of 
$75.00  per  month  each  to  tv^^o  saloons. 

Schools.  —  The  grammar  school  building  costing 
$15,000,  with  extensive  grounds  covering  a  five  acre 
block,  employs  five  teachers,  with  225  pupils.  The 
Union  High  School,  including  commercial  department, 
building  and  equipment  cost  $12,000;  it  is  handsomely 
located,  and  employs  three  teachers  and  there  are  85 
pupils  in  attendance.  Graduates  are  fitted  for  the  Uni- 
versity. 

Banking. — The  Bank  of  Lompoc  is  capitalized  at 
$25,000;  reserved  fund  $43,000;  deposits  $145,000 ; 
loans  $100,000;  rate  of  interest  10  per  cent. 

Societies  and  Churches.  —  The  L  O.  O.  F.  owns  one 
of  the  best  business  corners,  with  a  two-story  building 
containing  stores  and  lodge  rooms.  The  Woodmen 
also  owm  a  fine  business  lot  and  a  two-story  building. 
Of  the  churches  nearh-  all  are  represented,  the  Method- 
ist North,  Methodist  South,  Baptist,  Christian,  Pres- 
bvterian,  Roman  Catholic  and  Episcopal;  each  has  an 
edifice  of  its  own. 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL,  79 

Commercial.  —  The  town  has  nineteen  business 
houses.  In  these  houses  are  to  be  found  t\v(j  stocks 
of  hardware,  invoicing,  one  $9,000  and  the  other 
$7,000.  Seven  of  general  merchandise,  groceries,  dry 
goods  and  notions,  ranging  gradually  in  value  from 
$20,000  to  $1500;  two  well  equipped  drug  stores;  one 
shoe  store  and  one  harness  store.  The  hardware  men 
also  carr^^  vehicles  and  can  supply  all  kinds  of  machin- 
ery from  San  Francisco  houses  on  short  notice.  There 
are  also  four  blacksmith  shops,  two  wood  working,  one 
cobbler,  three  barbers,  one  baker,  one  butcher,  whole- 
sale and  retail,  one  restaurant,  one  furniture  store  and 
undertaking  establishment,  two  livery  stables,  two 
hotels,  one  bank,  two  weekly  newspapers,  '^Record" 
and  "Journal,"  a  creamery  that  cost  $5,000.00  and 
other  adjuncts  of  a  country  town,  including  a  large 
grading  and  freighting  outfit. 

In  addition  to  the  railroad  depot  and  facilities  are 
stock  3^ards,  the  Salinas  Valley  Lumber  Company  and 
Pacific  Coast  Milling  Company's  extensive  lumber 
yards,  planing  mill,  grain  warehouse,  barley  crusher 
and  the  warehouses  and  fruit  packing  houses  of  the 
Lompoc  Produce  &  Real  Estate  Company. 

Real  Estate. — Real  estate  values;  residence  lots  $30 
to  $250  ;  business,  $100  to  $2,500.  The  lots  are  25  by 
150  feet. 

Railroad  Shipments. — Of  exports  shipped  in  car  lots 
from  the  railroad  depot  in  town  there  were  during  the 
season,  from  October  1,  1899,  to  October  1,  1900: 
Apples,  50  cars  of  600  boxes  each;  potatoes,  60  ears; 
lime  rock,  8000  tons;  diatomaceous  rock  or  earth,  15 
cars.     Of  imports  in  car  lots:     Lumber,  55  cars. 

Dairying. — Of  the  productive  industries  of  the  dis- 
trict, the  Lompoc  Creamery,  owned  and  operated  by  a 
stock  compan^^  of  business  men  of  the  town  and  farm- 
ers, made  202,000  pounds  of  the  finest  liuttcr  the  past 
year  from  1500  cows.  Skilled  help  is  employed  and 
returns  are  satisfactory.  As  an  examjjle  of  what  is 
loeing  done,  the  return  for  one  year,   carefully   kept   by 


80  CHAMBER   OF  COMMERCE, 


John  L.  Irwin,  of  a  herd  of  eleven  ordinary  eows,  was 
$500  for  butter,  $66  for  eleven  calves  and  $20  for  pigs 
kept  wholly  on  the  skimmed  milk,  the  feed  of  the  herd 
being  ordinary  range  with  a  little  hay,  and  pumpkins 
during  the  three  fall  months.  The  creamery  is  patron- 
ized principally  by  farmers,  fruit  raisers  and  towns- 
people who  keep  a  few  cows.  It  is  a  great  aid  in 
making  a  living.  The  milk  of  a  single  cow  may  be 
delivered.  It  is  tested  as  carefully  as  though  it  were 
from  a  hundred  and  absolutely  correct  returns  are 
made.  Those  milking  fifty  or  more  cows  on  dairy 
ranches  and  depending  on  range  feed,  making  dair3^ing 
their  principal  occupation,  adhere  mostly  to  the  old 
methods.  There  are  many  such  in  the  Lompoc  district, 
and  room  for  many  more.  This  part  of  the  industrv^  is 
largely  in  the  hands  of  intelligent  and  industrious 
Americanized  Swiss.  The  cool  climate  and  even  tem- 
perature favors  the  old  method;  also  green  feed  runs 
well  into  the  summer.  Scrupulous  cleanliness  in  the 
dairy  and  a  knowledge  of  the  business  does  the  rest. 
The  product  in  quality  ranges  with  the  best  dairy  but- 
ter in  the  State.  In  this  district  there  are  twenty  of 
these  dairies,  with  an  average  of  about  seventy  milch 
cows  each.  A  good  cow  produces  200  pounds  of  but- 
ter. No  green  fodder  is  fed;  they  live  wholly  on  the 
natural  grasses,  except  a  little  hay  in  exceptional  sea- 
sons. The  return  of  butter  is  not  so  great  as  it  v^^ould 
be  if  the  stock  was  more  highly  fed  and  better  cared 
for,  but  the  expense  is  less  and  the  business  has  been 
very  profitable.  The  product  of  hogs  and  calves  is  an 
important  element  in  the  business. 

Stock  Raising-. — Of  stock  in  this  district  there  are: 
3,000  head  of  milch  cows;  other  stock  cattle,  19,800; 
sheep  5,000;  horses,  sufficient  for  domestic  purposes. 

Grain. — The  mesas  and  cultivated  lands  outside  of 
the  Lompoc  valley  are  devoted  almost  wholly  to  the 
growing  of  barley,  yielding,  on  mesas,  from  10  to  20 
centals  per  acre;  in  can3^ons  and  valley's,  from  10  to  30 
centals,  ranging  in  value  at  wharf  or  depot  from  fifty 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  81 


cents  to  one  dollar  per  cental.    The  general  average  for 
the  past  ten  ^^ears  has  been  about  sixt3'-five  cents. 

Sugar  Beets. — This  crop  is  being  experimented  Nvith  on 
the  sandy  mesa  near  the  ocean.  A  thousand  acres  are 
now  growing  on  the  McKay  place,  ten  miles  from  town. 
Eighty  acres  were  planted  on  this  land  the  previous 
year  and  \aelded  the  most  satisfactory-  crop  raised  in 
the  county.  It  is  probable  that  this  crop,  which  costs 
from  thirty  to  forty  dollars  per  acre  to  raise,  and  sells 
at  the  factory  for  from  forty  to  one  hundred  dollars, 
will  supplant  that  of  barley  on  several  thousand  acres 
of  this  kind  of  land. 

Market  Produce. — The  13,000  acres  of  the  vallc}- 
proper  is  held  in  small  home  tracts  of  from  5  to  200 
acres,  and  produces  corn,  pumpkins,  grain,  beans, 
potatoes,  mustard  seed,  fruit,  berries  and  vegetables. 
The  most  profitable,  except  fruit  and  berries,  are  mus- 
tard seed,  beans,  onions  and  potatoes.  Successful 
potato  and  onion  raising  is  confined  to  about  2,000 
acres  of  sandy  sediment  soil.  400  centals  of  onions 
and  250  centals  of  potatoes  have  been  raised  to  the 
acre,  but  the  usual  yield  is  from  60  to  125  of  potatoes 
and  100  to  300  of  onions.  Prices  for  the  last  ten  years 
have  ranged:  For  potatoes,  seventy  cents  to  two  dol- 
lars, and  averaged  for  the  \vhole  period  seventy -five 
cents  per  cental;  onions,  from  twentA'-five  cents  to 
eight  dollars,  averaging  alDout  seventA'-five  cents  per 
cental. 

Mustard  Seed. — This  crop  yields  in  exceptional  sea- 
sons as  high  as  29  centals  per  acre;  in  ordinary  seasons, 
from  8  to  20  centals.  Price,  from  $1.50  to  $8  per  cen- 
tal; average,  about  $2.50.  Cost  of  raising,  about  the 
same  as  grain,  except  threshing  and  sacking,  which 
costs  about  twice  as  much.  In  the  year  1892  80,000 
centals  were  raised  in  this  district  and  sold  at  from  $3 
to  $5  per  cental,  average  price  about  $3.50;  approxi- 
mately $280,000  were  received  by  the  farmers  for  that 
crop. 


82  CHAMtJKK   UF   COMMERCE, 

Beans. — This  crop  has  yielded  as  high  as  40  centals 
per  acre,  but  the  averiige  yield  in  an  avera<^e  year  is 
from  12  to  30  centals.  Price  from  $4-  to  75  cents;  av- 
eriige,  about  $2  per  cental.  In  former  years  the  larger 
acreage  was  planted  in  beans;  mustard  seed  is  now- 
more  largeh'  planted,  but  the  enlarged  market  and 
better  prices  for  beans  promise  soon  to  give  the  bean 
industry  the  ascendancy-  again.  The  prices  stated  are 
at  warehouses  in  the  valley,  and  as  nearly  correct  as  it 
is  possible  to  ascertain. 

Apples. — Of  fruits,  cherries,  berries,  pears  and  apri- 
cots can  undoubtedly  be  made  very  profitable,  but 
choice  winter  apples  are  the  main  staple.  They  thrive 
anywhere  in  the  valley,  if  protected  by  a  wind-l)reak, 
and  are  unexcelled  in  quality  and  yield  in  the  world. 
They  were  awarded  medals  and  diplomas  of  excellence 
at  the  two  greatest  national  expositions,  at  New 
Orleans  and  the  Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago 
respectiveh'.  The  codling  moth,  the  great  pest  of  the 
apple,  is  unknown  here,  though  there  are  orchards 
twenty  ^'^ears  old — not  a  wormy  apple  or  pear  can  be 
found.  A  winter  apple  orchard  in  full  bearing  is  as 
profitable  as  an  orange  grove.  They  commence  to 
bear  at  four  years,  give  a  good  income  at  seven,  and 
are  in  full  bearing  at  fifteen.  One  cent  per  pound  at 
time  of  picking  can  be  relied  on  for  merchantable  apples 
at  the  packing  house,  not  including  box;  three-fourths 
to  one  cent  for  culls.  The  whole  crop  can  be  disposed 
of.  Land  worth  $100  per  acre  without  an  apple  or- 
chard,with  a  good  one  seven  years  old  is  a  more  profit- 
able investment  at  $400. 

Farm  Lands. — Land  values  are  :  Best  valley-,  $100 
per  acre;  other  farming  lands,  $10  to  $50;  best  dairy 
farms,  hills  with  small  valle3's,  $10  to  $25  per  acre, 
improved;  grazing  lands,  $2  to  $20,  fenced. 

SANTA   YNEZ. 

The  town  of  Santa  Ynez  has  a  population  of  about 
250.     It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  rancho   Canada 


SANTA  BARBARA,  CAL.  83 


de  los  Pinos,  or  College  Ranch.  Has  a  splendid  domes- 
tic water  supph'  from  living  springs,  one  of  the  finest 
hotels  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  grammar 
and  high  school,  and  a  fine  two-stor\'  school  building, 
good  stores,  blacksmith  shops,  etc.  A  good  weekly 
newspaper,  the  "Argus."  The  scener\'  is  beautiful,  the 
mountains  loom  up  grandh^  to  the  north  and  east ;  the 
landscape  is  studded  with  fine  large  white  oaks  whicli 
give  it  a  park-like  appearance. 

To  one  who  likes  a  dr^-,  cool,  crisp  air  it  is  of  the 
best  in  the  State.  It  is  ideal  for  those  who  in  search 
of  health  want  to  engage  in  wheat  farming  and  stock 
raising. 

The  Santa  Ynez  community,  or  district,  occupies  the 
ranches  tributary  to  the  Santa  Ynez  river  above  or  east 
of  Lompoc,  extending  into  the  mountain  region.  The 
aggregate  area  of  which  is  more  than  208,000  acres. 
To  this  must  be  added  several  thousand  acres  of  patent- 
ed government  land.  A  careful  estimate  gives  30,000 
acres  of  farming  land,  the  balance  fair  to  good  grazing. 
There  are  three  small  towns,  Ballard,  Los  Olivos  and 
Santa  Ynez,  of  which  Santa  Ynez  is  the  principal. 

The  small  landholds  consist  of  subdivisions  of  a  few 
hundred  acres  about  Los  Olivos  and  Ballard,  and  a 
few  thousand  about  Santa  Ynez.  These  towns  were 
started  about  1880.  Several  of  the  large  ranchos  have 
been  subdivided  and  not  sold,  but  leased  in  large  tracts 
for  farming  and  stock  raising.  Smaller  tracts  than 
heretofore  can  now  be  rented  at  low  figures  with  pros- 
pects that  the3'  will  soon  be  sold.  Better  prospects  now 
exist  for  farmers  of  moderate  means. 

Lying  from  20  to  30  miles  back  from  the  coast  and 
somewhat  elevated  the  climate  is  free  from  the  cold 
winds  and  is  dry  and  mild  in  summer,  cool  and  bracing 
in  winter,  with  heavy  frosts  occasionally  ;  this  section 
is  adapted  to  grain  and  fruit,  such  as  olives,  grapes  and 
the  deciduous  varieties. 

Wheat  of  the  best  quality  is  the  chief  product. 
Farmers  planting  from  100  to  5000  acres  each,  200  to 
300  being  about  the  average.    The  yield  in  a  good  year 


84  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 

is  5  to  20  centals  per  acre,  the   amount  under  cultiva- 
tion being  about  15,000  Jicres. 

Olives.  —  Of  fruit,  the  olive  takes  the  lead  in  this  dis- 
trict. The  soil  and  climate  are  ^idapted  to  it,  several 
large  groves,  some  of  them  fifteen  years  old ;  in  all 
more  than  30,000  trees,  many  in  full  bearing;  a  mill 
for  the  manufacture  of  oil,  and  facilities  for  pickling 
olives,  are  here.  There  are  several  thousand  acres  suit- 
able for  olive  culture  in  this  vicinity. 

Stock  Ranges.  —  The  stock  lands  are  not  suited  to 
dairying,  except  a  very  few  small  tracts.  The  range 
feed  is  verj^  nutritious,  but  not  so  abundant  as  in  the 
section  near  the  coast  on  account  of  the  soil  not  being 
so  heav\'  and  the  atmosphere  less  moist.  The  ranges 
are  largeh'  rented  in  great  tracts  to  stock  men  for 
range  cattle  and  sheep,  or  operated  by  the  proprietors 
for  the  same  purpose.  Estimated  number  of  milch 
cows,  400  head ;  other  cattle,  5000  head ;  sheep,  20,- 
000 ;  horses,  sufficient  for  domestic  purposes. 

BALLARD. 

The  town  of  Ballard  is  located  in  Ballard  canyon, 
four  miles  from  Santa  Ynez,  and  is  m  a  small  but  thriv- 
ing settlement. 

LOS   OLIVOS 

Situated  near  the  head  of  Ballard  can\'on,  five 
miles  from  Santa  Ynez;  has  a  fine  school  house, 
an  excellent  school,  a  small  hotel,  and  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Pacific  Coast  Railwa\'.  It  possesses  a  de- 
pot, warehouse  and  turntable,  and  is  the  shipping 
point  for  nearly  everything  raised  in  this  district. 

LOS   ALAMOS. 

The  town  of  Los  Alamos  is  situated  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  Railway  midway  between  Santa  Ynez  and  Santa 
Maria,  18  miles  distant  either  way,  in  the  long  narrow 
valley  of  the  Los  Alamos  creek,  about  15  miles  from 
the  coast.  It  has  about  300  population  with  good 
school,    hotel,    stores    aud    ordinar3'     countrj^     town 


SANTA   BARBARA,    CAL,  85 


business  places.     It  is  a  fine  town,  beautifulh'  located- 
among  great  oaks,  and  has  a  good  climate. 

The  group  of  ranchos  constituting  the  Los  Alamos 
district,  aggregate  an  acreage  of  about  150,000,  with 
also  several  thousand  acres  of  intervening  patented 
government  land,  about  twenty  thousand  acres  good 
agricultural  land,  the  balance  good  grazing,  much  of  it 
excellent  for  dairying. 

This  is  a  fertile  district,  and  home  seekers  in  small 
parties,  if  they  combined  their  capital,  can  buy  land  at 
a  reasonable  price  in  large  tracts;  this  can  properly  be 
said  of  all  the  district.  The  vallc}^  is  from  one-half  to 
one  mile  wide,  with  small  tributary  valleys  and  can- 
yons. The  lower  or  coast  portion  of  the  valle\'  and 
district,  in  soil,  climate  and  production  is  like  that  of 
Lompoc,  which  it  adjoins  on  the  south.  The  upper 
part,  like  the  best  of  Santa  Ynez,  and  contains  the  best 
wheat  and  barley'  lands  in  the  counts'.  The  population 
of  the  district  is  800.  Estimated  number  of  cattle  in 
the  district:  Milch  cows,  700;  other  cattle  3,500; 
horses  sufficient  for  domestic  purposes.  The  ranges 
are  but  partially  stocked. 

SANTA   MARIA. 

The  thriving  town  of  Santa  Maria  is  situated  in  the 
center  ot  the  Santa  Maria  valley,  and  is  the  financial 
and  commercial  center  of  the  extensive  district  which  is 
tributary  to  it. 

Started  in  1876,  Santa  Maria  now  claims  1200  out 
of  a  total  population  of  3700  in  the  district,  and  ranges 
with  Lompoc  in  business  enterprise  and  industry.  With 
the  future  development  of  the  abundant  agricultural 
resources  in  the  district  by  the  ultimate  settlement  of 
small  farms,  Santa  Maria  promises  to  become  one  ot 
the  largest  and  most  important  towns  in  the  county  of 
Santa  Barbara. 

Transportation.  — Santa  Maria  is  situated  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  a  branch  line  to  the  sugar  fac- 
tor^^  on  Guadalupe  lake,  five  miles  distant,  starts  from 
this  point. 


86  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


Municipal.  —  The  town's  system  of  government  is 
excellent  and  progressive. 

Schools  and  Churches.  —  The  public  school  system  is 
maintained  on  a  generous  vscale.  The  town  possessing 
a  very  fine  high  school  building  emplo^^ng  three  teach- 
ers, with  sixty  pupils,  and  a  fine  grammar  school  with 
five  teachers  and  230  pupils.  Several  excellent  churches 
are  located  in  the  town. 

Banking.  —  The  Bank  of  Santa  Maria  is  a  sound 
financial  institution  with  capital  stock  of  $25,000.00, 
reserve  $32,000.00,  deposits  $225,000.00,  loans  $200,- 
000.00,  rate  of  interest  10  per  cent. 

Merchantile.  —  Three  large  general  merchandise 
stores  carry  stocks  of  goods  ranging  from  $50,000.00 
to  $20,000.00. 

There  are  numerous  smaller  retail  establishments 
carrying  the  usual  country  stock. 

The  Press.  —  Santa  Maria  possesses  two  good  news- 
papers, the  "Times"  and  "Graphic." 

Industries.  —  A  large  fruit  dryer,  cannery  and  soda 
factory  comprise  the  main  industries  of  the  town. 

Asphaltum.  —  Ten  miles  northwest  of  Los  Alamos 
on  the  Sisquoc  ranch  are  located  extensive  beds  of  as- 
phaltum which  are  being  worked  by  the  Alcatraz  Com- 
pany. 

This  deposit  lies  like  a  blanket  on  the  top  of  a  small 
mountain  and  is  \V2  miles  long  from  l^  to  %  of  a  mile 
wide,  is  not  rich,  containing  only  15  per  cent,  of  as- 
phalt, the  balance  sand  and  silt,  but  is  very  valuable 
being  inexpensiA'-e  to  mine  and  cheapty  transported  to 
shipping  points  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  and 
Ocean  Front  at  the  towm  of  Alcatraz  two  miles  below 
Gaviota  and  28  miles  from  the  mine.  It  is  taken  out 
bj^  an  ingenious  plant,  consisting  of  automatic  trains, 
cars,  dumps,  etc.,  worked  by  electricity  generated  there, 
melted  by  super-heated  steam  and  liquified  bj^  means 
of  a  solution  or  distillate   of  the  nature  of  naptha, 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  87 

passed  through  settHng  tanks,  and  a  process  that  takes 
out  the  sand  and  leaves  but  a  trifle  of  silt.  The  liquid 
is  95  per  cent.  pure.  The  sand  and  silt  contains  scarce- 
ly a  trace  of  asphaltum,  and  is  perfectly  dry.  The 
liquified  asphalt  flows  from  here  by  gravity  through  a 
five  inch  pipe  to  the  refinerv  at  Alcatraz  where  the  dis- 
solving solution  is  extracted  and  forced  l^ack  through  a 
three  inch  pipe  to  be  again  used  as  a  dissolver,  the  as- 
phalt refined  and  put  in  such  shape  as  the  trade  may 
demand.  The  solution  mentioned  is  manufactured  at 
the  refinery  from  crude  petroleum.  This  is  the  only 
plant  of  its  kind  in  the  world  and  cost  about  $1,000,- 
000,  emplo3^s  70  men  at  the  mine,  50  at  the  refinery, 
running  expenses  $700.00  per  day.  There  are  about 
twenty  buildings  at  the  mine,  a  postoffice  called  As- 
phalto,  store,  shops  necessary  to  the  works  and  board- 
ing house. 

The  group  of  ranches  occupied  b^-  the  Santa  Maria 
community  aggregate  more  than  243,000  acres  with 
many  thousand  acres  of  patented  government  land. 

It  contains  three  towns,  Santa  Maria,  Guadalupe 
and  Garey,  of  which  Santa  Maria  is  the  chief  business 
center.  There  are  95,000  acres  of  agricultural  land, 
more  than  twice  that  in  any  other  ot  the  districts,  and 
about  130,000  acres  suitable  for  dair\'ing  and  grazing. 
The  larger  part  of  the  agricultural  land  is  under  culti- 
vation in  large  tracts ;  the  Santa  Maria  Valley  lies  on 
the  south  of  the  river  of  the  same  name,  and  extends  in 
an  unbroken  plain  from  the  ocean  east  to  the  foothills 
of  the  mountain  region  distant  thirt3'  miles,  and  from 
the  river  to  the  hills  on  the  south  in  varying  widths  of 
three  to  ten  miles. 

The  soil  in  the  upper  portion  is  rich  and  deep,  shad- 
ing off"  to  sandy  loam  which  in  some  places  in  the  cen- 
tral and  southern  part  is  quite  thin  and  light.  The 
western  part  is  a  heavier  alluvial   with   some   alkali 

land. 

An  irrigation  ditch  is  in  course  of  construction  in  the 

upper  Santa  Maria  Vallej^  above  Fuegler's  Point  to  di- 
vert the  waters  of  the  Santa  Maria  river.      From   this 


88  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


point  nearly  the  whole  valley  can  be  irrigated. 

As  to  live  stock,  there  are  estimated  to  be  milch  cows 
3,000  head  ;  other  cattle  6,000.  Many  thousand  head 
of  sheep  are  grazed  in  this  district  in  the  fall  and  win- 
ter. 

The  lower  and  ocean  section  of  the  district  in  soil 
and  climate  is  subject  to  the  same  conditions  as  the 
Lompoc  district  and  suitable  to  the  same  crops  and  in- 
dustries ;  in  dairying,  it  has  outranked  it,  being  the 
most  famous  in  the  county.  The  number  of  cows 
milked  here  a  fe^v  years  since  w^as  8,000.  The  central 
and  upper  section  is  devoted  to  beans  and  grain,  prin- 
cipally the  latter.  Fifteen  hundred  sacks  of  garvanzas 
were  also  successfully  grown  here  the  past  year. 
Wheat,  barley  and  oats  are  grown  more  largely  and 
profitably  than  in  an3'  of  the  other  districts.  All  the 
fruits  do  well  here,  apricots  and  prunes  taking  the  lead; 
of  the  former  300  tons  have  been  dried  in  a  single  sea- 
son. There  are  also  some  verj^  good  walnut  groves 
and  a  few  orange  and  lemon  trees  that  do  fairly  well. 

GAREY. 

The  town  of  Garey  is  situated  in  the  upper  portion 
of  the  valley  eleven  miles  from  Santa  Maria,  has  a 
postoffice,  hotel,  store  and  blacksmith  shop. 

GUADALUPE. 

A  small  town  near  the  coast,  ten  miles  west  from 
Santa  Maria,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  with 
good  future  prospects ;  is  the  center  of  the  dairy,  potato 
and  sugar  beet  industn,^  of  that  portion  of  the  valley ; 
has  a  population  of  about  three  hundred  people,  large- 
ly Swiss,  Italian  and  Portugese,  with  a  sprinkling  of 
Americans.  It  has  a  bank,  branch  of  the  Bank  of  Santa 
Maria,  hotel,  three  general  merchandise  stores,  one  of 
which  carries  a  stock  of  $15,000.00,  and  other  small 
stores  and  shops  usual  in  a  town  of  its  size.  A  spur  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  runs  from  here  to  the 
Union  Sugar  Factory,  four  miles  distant  at  Betteravia 


SANTA  BARBARA, CAL.  89 


on  Guadalupe  Lake.      It  also  has  a  creamery  with  ca- 
pacity to  handle  the  milk  of  4,000 cows. 

BETTER  A  VIA. 

The  Union  Sugar  Factorj^  at  Betteravia  is  the  great- 
est single  enterprise  in  the  count3^  The  plant  cost 
over  $1,000,000.00,  and  was  built  in  1898,  is  now 
working  up  500  tons  of  beets  per  day,  with  room 
in  factory  to  double  the  capacit^^  employs  at  present 
500  men,  many  of  whom  are  high-priced,  skilled  labor- 
ers, and  during  the  sugar  campaign  runs  night  and 
day.  It  requires  forty  6-horse  teams  to  haul  the  beets 
from  the  field  to  the  railroad  station  and  factory  to 
keep  it  running,  and  costs  about  $1500.00  per  daj-  to 
operate.  A  great  many  men  are  employed  the  whole 
3^ear.  Last  season  8,000  tons  of  lime,  an  important 
factor  in  the  manufacture  of  sugar  beets,  were  used  in 
the  factorv^  The  rock  is  burned  and  prepared  for  use  at 
the  factor3\  The  acreage  in  beets  this  3'ear  is  about 
3000  acres  in  Santa  Maria  Valle3' ,  and  1000  in  Lom- 
poc  district.  A  good  crop  of  beets  on  the  best  land  is 
twenty  tons  per  acre ;  average  much  less.  Average 
price,  $5.00  per  ton.  The  cost  of  production  varies 
greatly  on  different  lands,  owing  in  part  to  cost  of 
weeding,  is  from  thirty  to  fort3^  dollars  per  acre,  large- 
I3"  in  labor.  The  Compan3'  irrigated  133-  means  of 
pumping  plants  from  the  wells  and  from  the  Guadalupe 
Lake  about  1500  acres  of  land  in  the  Santa  Maria  Val- 
le3^  this  season.  The  advantages  to  business  men  and 
laborers  from  this  institution  are  far  reaching.  There 
is  no  tow^n  as  3^et  at  Betteravia.  The  compan3'  has  a 
store,  shops  and  boarding  houses  necessar3'  to  its  needs 
and  what  other  business  there  is  goes  largeh'  to  Santa 
Maria. 


90  CHAMBER   OF  COMMERCE, 


THE  CHANNEL  ISLANDS. 


Included  within  the  county  of  Santa  Barbara  are 
the  islands  of  Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Rosa  and  San  Miguel. 
San  Miguel  has  an  area  of  15,000  acres,  Santa  Rosa  of 
68,000  acres  and  Santa  Cruz  of  55,000  acres.  They 
are  largely  used  in  sheep  and  cattle  raising,  and  are 
covered  with  large  flocks  of  sheep,  and  man^^  herds  of 
cattle,  which  the  peculiar  position  of  the  islands  make 
R  xery  profitable  industry.  Mutton  sheep  and  beef 
cattle  can  be  placed  in  the  market  from  these  islands 
earlier  than  from  any  other  point  on  the  coast.  In 
times  past  Santa  Rosa  Island  has  supported  more  than 
50,000  sheep,  Santa  Cruz  more  than  30,000  and  San 
Miguel  more  than  7,000;  the  recent  dry  years,  however, 
have  considerably  reduced  the  numbers  now  on  the 
islands.  Santa  Cruz  Island  is  owned  by  the  Santa 
Cruz  Island  Company  of  which  the  estate  of  Justinian 
Caire  has  the  control ;  Santa  Rosa  Island  is  owned  by 
the  heirs  of  A.  P.  More,  and  San  Miguel  bj'  the  San 
Miguel  Island  Company.  Santa  Rosa  and  Santa  Cruz 
are  held  by  patent  from  the  United  States,  issued  upon 
former  Mexican  grants,  but  San  Miguel  by  possessory 
right. 

A  very  luxuriant  vegetation  covers  these  islands,  and 
nowhere  in  the  world  can  there  be  found  the  same  num- 
ber of  acres  in  the  wild  state  capable  of  supporting  an 
equal  number  of  cattle. 

Santa  Cruz  Island  has  a  large  vine3'ard,  from  which 
annually  many  tons  of  grapes  are  gathered  and  made 
into  wane,  which  enjoys  excellent  reputation. 

Santa  Cruz  and  Santa  Rosa  Islands  are  picturesque 
in  character.     Their  shores  are  high  and  precipitous. 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  91 

and  are  formed  b^^  bluffs  rising  perpendicularh-  from  the 
sea,  which  reaches  in  many  places  a  height  of  several 
hundred  feet.  The  continuous  action  of  the  waves 
dashing  against  these  banks  have  formed  mam-  caves, 
which  reach  into  the  bluff  in  several  instances  hundreds 
of  feet,  forming  vast  chambers.  These  islands  rise  in 
places  to  a  height  of  1300  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  and  the  undulating  character  of  their  surface  pro- 
duces many  beautiful  and  grand  scenic  effects.  Under 
proper  management  and  with  the  same  energy-  and 
business  direction  which  has  been  used  in  bringing 
Santa  Catalina  to  the  front,  Santa  Cruz  Island  can  be 
made  much  more  beautiful  and  picturescjue,  and  the 
most  beautiful  watering  place  on  the  coast.  The  time 
will  come  in  the  near  future  when  the  owners  will  real- 
ize the  fortune  that  is  in  their  hands,  and  direct  their 
attention  to  this  end.  The  island  is  only  25  miles  from 
the  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  a  quiet  sea,  safe  at  all  times  for  small  boats. 

The  waters  around  the  island  teem  with  fish  of  all 
kinds,  from  the  whale  down  to  the  smallest  minnow^. 
Harmless  sharks  show  their  dorsal  fins  in  great  num- 
bers, and  the  tuna  is  found  in  abundance.  The  various 
rock  cod  are  found  in  the  waters  near  the  various  reefs 
that  run  out  from  the  islands.  The  sport  for  the  fish- 
erman is  of  the  most  interesting  kind. 


92  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


SPECIAL     ARTICLES. 


MARKET  GARDENING. 

In  Southern  California  vegetable  gardening,  until 
recently,  has  remained  in  the  hands  of  the  Chinese,  for, 
though  her  climate  and  soil  offer  exceptional  advan- 
tages for  gardening  the  year  round  in  many  localities , 
there  have  been  several  factors  which  have  tended  to 
keep  this  great  industry  in  its  infancy.  Among  these 
has  been  the  lack  of  irrigation  facilities,  smallness  and 
distance  from  the  market  and  the  great  returns  from 
the  horticulture,  the  orange,  lemon,  grape,  v^^alnut  and 
olive  culture  yielding  such  returns  as  to  make  market 
gardening  appear  a  factor  of  lesser  importance. 

The  rapid  development  of  the  irrigation  systems  and 
the  now  recognized  fact  that  water  is  obtainable  in 
nearly  every  locality  where  determined  effort  is  put 
forth  to  secure  it.  The  wonderful  growth  of  Southern 
California's  population,  notabh'  that  of  Los  Angeles, 
which  virtualh'  stands  at  the  head  of  the  census  for 
1900,  have  combined  to  turn  the  attention  of  practi- 
cal men  in  the  direction  of  market  gardening,  with  the 
result  that  astonishing  returns  from  small  favored 
tracts  are  now  appearing. 

From  present  indications  Southern  California  prom- 
ises not  merel}^  to  furnish  first-class  market  products 
for  local  use,  but  eventually  to  build  up  a  great  and 
successful  industry'  in  canned,  dried  and  preserved  goods 
of  the  highest  quality.  In  this  respect  no  localit3' 
promises  better  results  or  greater  returns  than  much  of 
the  country  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  cit^- 
of  Santa  Barbara. 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  93 

In  specialties  this  localit3^  has  long  been  pre-eminent. 
At  Carpinteria  is  located  one  of  the  finest  strawberry'' 
tracts  in  the  state,  commanding  fancy  prices  for  its 
splendid  product ;  its  winter  crops  notabU'  at  Christ- 
mas being  a  source  of  general  admiration  to  visitors 
and  residents  alike. 

Three  miles  west  of  the  city  another  tract  supph'ing 
the  highest  standard  of  strawberries  is  also  forging  to 
the  front  in  the  southern  markets.  Berries  from  here 
and  Carpinteria  are  shipped  as  far  north  as  San  Fran- 
cisco in  the  winter. 

It  is,  however,  to  general  results  from  mixed  crops 
that  the  average  market  gardener  looks  for  the  l)est  re- 
turns, and  where  rotation  is  most  rapid  as  in  this  local- 
it3\  Market  gardening  is  naturalh'  the  highest  t^-pe 
of  intense  farming,  and  the  greatest  essential  point  to 
command  commercial  success,  is  the  ability'  to  supply 
early  demands  in  quick  rotation.  In  this  respect,  owing 
to  the  mildness  of  its  winters,  many  points  among 
the  foothills  are  virtually  within  the  frostless  belt,  and 
are  therefore  able  to  raise  three  crops  annualh*.  With 
a  light  sandy  loam  in  small  patches,  protected  by  the 
mountain  range  and  a  southern  exposure,  at  an  eleva- 
tion from  five  hundred  to  one  thousand  feet,  these  lands 
offer  exceptional  inducements,  both  in  price  and  loca- 
tion, w^herever  water  can  be  obtained. 

As  a  practical  example  of  results,  the  following  sum- 
mary of  a  prize  competition  for  one  year's  garden  work 
by  girls  or  boys,  which  was  secured  b3'  a  )' oung  girl 
residing  near  the  city  of  Santa  Barbara,  is  an  excellent 
illustration  of  the  possibilities  in  this  section,  and  is  ab- 
solutely authentic. 

The  garden,  situated  at  the  head  of  Mission  Canyon, 
at  an  elevation  of  nearly  one  thousand  feet  above  the 
sea  level,  two  miles  from  the  city  limits,  was  fifty  by 
one  hundred  feet  in  size. 

As  the  appended  tabulation  shows,  therefore,  $52.50 
was  realized  from  less  than  one-eighth  of  an  acre,  or  a 
net  return  on  the  basis  of  one  acre,  of  over  $420.00.  To 
obtain  such  results,  required  on  the  part  of  the  compet- 


94 


CHAMBER   OF  COMMERCE, 


itor  but  235V^  hours  labor  during  the  year.  A  marked 
commentary  upon  the  lack  of  foresight  which  has  per- 
mitted this  great  industry  to  languish  in  the  hands  of 
the  Chinese  element: 

EXTRACT  FROM    THE    PACIFIC    RURAL    PRESvS 
OF  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SUMMARY   OF   SALES  AND    EXPENDITURES. 
RECEIPTS  : 

Beans,  first  crop 65  pounds 

Beans,  second  crop 90 

Beans,  third  crop 173 

Peas,  first  crop 551/2 

Peas,  second  crop 123 

Scarlet  runners 79 

Tomatoes 20% 

Lettuce 70  bunches 

Beets,  beet  plants  and  beet  tops... 

Cauliflower 37 

Young  green  onions 19  bunches 

Cucumbers 158 

Radishes 85  bunches 

Potatoes 32  pounds 

Sugar  com 75  dozen 

Total 

EXPENDITURES. 

Labor  paid  for $8.25 

Seeds,  sets  and  plants 5.70 


58.49 
9.20 
8.06 
4.96 
5.52 
5.54 
1.05 
3.50 
1.25 
3.40 
.95 
1.47 
4.25 
1.28 
7.53 


$66.45 


13.95 


Profit. 


$52.50 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  95 


MUSTARD. 

In  the  region  of  which  Lompoc  is  the  center,  2,500 
acres  are  devoted  to  the  industry  occupjang  the  atten- 
tion of  some  250  farmers.  One  of  the  pecuHarities  inci- 
dent to  the  cultivation  of  mustard,  is  that  no  farmer 
employs  himself  exclusively  in  growing  it,  because  of  its 
absolute  refusal  to  yield  two  successive  crops  from  the 
same  soil.  The  mustard  farmer  must,  therefore,  alter- 
nate his  crops,  and  he  usuallj-  does  so  Idv  putting  half 
of  his  land  in  beans,  barley,  corn  or  beets,  while  the 
other  half  is  given  over  to  mustard  and  thus  a  change 
in  the  soil  becomes  regular. 

The  Lompoc  Vallej^  has  been  in  the  business  of  rais- 
ing mustard  for  18  years ;  the  farmers  taking  their  cue 
from  the  abundance  of  wild  mustard  found  on  the  hills 
and  in  the  valleys  of  Santa  BarlDara  county,  and  the 
success  stimulated  others  to  follow  in  their  wake. 

The  best  results  are  now  secured  from  land  lying  in 
the  middle  of  the  valley  and  along  the  banks  of  the 
Santa  Ynez  River.  The  soil  is  dark  and  almost  with- 
out grit  and  the  heavier  soil  is  preferred.  In  the  culti- 
vation of  mustard  much  water  and  dampness  are  nec- 
essary, and  one  thing  that  contributes  to  the  success  of 
the  Lompoc  district  is  its  close  proximity  to  the  sea. 

The  sowing  time  for  the  brown  variety  is  in  January-, 
and  March  for  the  yellow.  The  ground  is  broken  and 
cultivated,  after  which  the  seed  is  sown  broadcast,  four 
pounds  to  the  acre.  The  mustard  stock  is  straw-color, 
growing  from  four  to  five  feet  in  height ;  the  pods  are 
from  one  to  four  inches  in  length,  containing  one  row 
of  seeds  only.  In  harvesting  the  crop  a  reaper  is  used, 
cutting  the  stocks  and  throwing  them  in  bunches, 
where  they  are  left  to  cure  until  October.  They  are 
now  thoroughly  dry  and  are  transported  to  some  cen- 
tral place,  and  are  spread  out  upon  large  sheets  of  can- 
vas where  the  stocks  and  pods  are  rolled  with  a  heavy 
roller  until  crushed,  after  which  they  are  raked  off  with 
hand  rakes.      The    chaff  and   seed   remaining  are    run 


96  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


through  a  fanning  machine,  which  separates  all  the 
light  and  loose  material  and  the  seed  is  ready  to  sack 
and  market.  San  Francisco  is  the  distributing  point, 
and  much  of  the  product  is  shipped  to  the  East  and 
Middle  West. 


THE  OLIVE. 

Santa  Barbara  County  is  pre-eminently  adapted  to 
the  culture  of  the  olive.  It  has  a  wider  range  of  possi- 
bilities than  any  other  fruit — in  fact  than  all  other  fruits 
combined.  The  trees  will  grow^  and  thrive  in  all  the 
different  kinds  of  soil  and  on  all  the  foothill  slopes. 
The  superiority  of  the  oil  made,  and  the  delicious  qual- 
ity of  the  pickles  cured  has  established  a  reputation  in 
every  market.  The  climatic  conditions,  especiall3'  south 
of  the  Coast  Range  from  Point  Concepcion  to  the  Ven- 
tura line,  cannot  be  equalled.  While  the  tree  wall  grow 
in  almost  every  part  of  the  state,  in  this  region  the 
olive  has  no  competitor  for  many  reasons. 

First :  In  25  years  experience  there  has  been  no 
damage  from  frost,  neither  from  high  winds. 

Secondly :  The  average  rainfall  of  17  inches  will 
insure  good  crops,  so  that  no  irrigation  is  required. 

Thirdly :  The  trees  grow  more  rapidly  and  more 
shapely  on  account  of  the  absence  of  severe  winds. 

Fourthly  :  Orchards  can  be  planted  with  less  labor 
and  less  expense  than  other  fruits.  After  the  ground  is 
well  prepared,  cuttings  can' be  obtained  and  planted  at 
a  cost  of  12  to  15  cents  each,  and  give  fruit  the  fourth 
year. 

Fifthly :  There  is  ten  times  greater  outcome  than  in 
grain  farming.  No  industry  offers  the  same  returns  for 
the  labor  and  money  expended. 

There  is  an  extensive  market  for  well  cured  pickles, 
which  is  a  simple  process,  requiring  only  the  greatest 
care  in  handling.  The  future  demand  for  oil  will  be 
greatly  increased  when  the  human  family  are  educated 


ncco. 


mm]) 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  97 


Up  to  the  knowledge  of  its  importance  as  a  food  and 
medicine,  and  the  knowledge  of  the  dangerous  substi- 
tutes that  are  put  on  the  market  b}'  unscrupulous 
manipulators,  under  false  labels,  to  force  on  unsuspicious 
consumers.  The  industr\^  is  one  worthy  of  attention 
and  of  great  extension. 

The  suret}--  of  a  crop  in  any  culture  is  the  important 
element  in  life's  pursuits. 

The  great  drawback  to  successful  olive  growing  is 
the  ravages  of  black  scale.  The  industry  cannot  be 
made  profitable  if  the  growers  are  compelled  to  resort 
to  artificial  remedies,  either  by  spraying  the  trees  or  by 
fumigation.  It  has  been  fully  demonstrated  in  this 
section  that  the  parasite  of  the  scale  (a  lad3'-bird), 
known  as  the  Rhizobius  Ventralis,  has  successfullv  kept 
the  black  scale  in  check  in  every  part  of  the  county 
where  tried. 

Therefore,  people  who  anticipate  the  planting  or 
purchase  of  an  olive  orchard  will  do  well  to  examine 
the  subject,  and  compare  the  localities  before  selecting 
a  place  to  make  a  permanent  home. 


LEMON  GROWING. 

At  first,  onh^  seedling  lemons  were  grown  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  they  had  little  standing  in  the  markets. 
About  1885  the  Santa  Barbara  product  (which  was 
chiefly  of  budded  varieties)  was  systematically  cured 
and  packed  and  was  well  received  by  the  trade,  not 
only  on  account  of  the  quality  of  the  fruit,  but  liccause, 
also,  of  the  excellence  of  the  curing  and  packing.  Im- 
ported Sicily  lemons,  which  had  up  to  that  time  occu- 
pied the  principal  place  in  the  markets  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  felt  this  competition,  and,  after  a  few  years,  were 
driven  from  these  markets. 

VARIETIES. 

At  present  very  few  seedling  lemons  are  grown,  the 
budded  varieties  having  taken  their  place.      These  last 


98  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


are  more  uniform  as  to  quality  and  come  earlier  into 
bearing.  The  principal  budded  varieties  are  the 
Eureka,  Lisbon  and  Villa  Franca,  the  Eureka  being  the 
favorite. 

PROPAGATION. 

The  lemon  trees  are  propagated  by  budding  upon 
orange,  lemon  or  pomelo  roots,  the  larger  number 
being  upon  the  orange  root.  Very  few  orchardists  prop- 
agate their  own  trees,  but  instead  buy  of  nursery-men 
who  make  a  business  of  this  work.  It  takes  three 
years  from  planting  in  the  orchard,  and  to  tell  of  the 
process  of  grov\ring  the  young  plants,  budding,  etc., 
requires  more  space  than  is  available  in  this  article. 

CLIMATE. 

The  climate  of  that  portion  of  Santa  Barbara  county 
south  of  the  Santa  Ynez  range  of  mountains  is  ver^- 
faA'orable  for  lemon  culture,  particularly  the  frostless 
zone  of  the  foothills.  One  of  the  principal  advantages 
is  in  the  large  proportion  of  summer  matured  lemons 
produced.  It  is  very  important  that  the  winter  be 
mild  so  that  the  trees  and  buds  suffer  no  serious  set- 
backs ;  and  it  is  also  desirable  that  the  summer  be  free 
from  excessive  heat. 

SOIL. 

The  lemon  does  fairh-  well  in  a  great  variety  of  soils, 
and  good  orchards  can  be  shown  in  sandy  as  well  as 
cla3'  loams. 

CULTURE. 

This  should  be  thorough  and  most  orchardists  plow 
in  the  winter  and  cultivate  only  in  the  summer.  The 
last  named  process  following  each  irrigation.  The 
ground  should  be  kept  free  from  weeds  and  in  good 
tilth. 

IRRIGATION. 

A  good  supply  of  water  for  irrigation  is  ver^-  essen- 
tial and  without  it  comparativeh^  little  can  be  done. 
The  furrow  method  of  application  is  generalh' employed 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  99 

although  some  orchardists  use  the  basin  sj'stem.  Some 
of  the  water  supplies  are  from  mountain  springs  and 
streams  and  some  from  wells. 

PRUNING. 

This  requires  eonsiderable  attention  in  order  to  get 
the  best  results  both  in  quality  and  quantit}^  of  fruit, 
but  the  details  cannot  be  given  in  a  brief  outline  of  the 
business. 

INSECT  PESTS. 

These  are  of  several  kinds  and  should  be  kept  down 
by  spraying  or  fumigation.  The  latter  is  most  thorough 
and  is  strongh^  advised  b}-  those  qualified  to  speak 
understandingly. 

PICKING 

LargeW  regulated  b}^  size  in  order  to  put  the  desired 
counts  upon  the  market,  and  the  growers  are  guided  by 
suggestions  from  the  packing  houses  from  time  to  time. 
The  picking  must  he  very  carefulh'  done  so  that  the 
fruit  suffers  no  injury  when  it  is  most  susceptible ;  i.  e. 
'when  fresh  from  the  tree. 

TEAMING. 

Also,  should  be  done  on  spring  wagons  to  the  same 
end. 

MARKETING. 

This  is  chiefly  done  through  the  large  packing 
houses,  such  as  the  Johnston  Fruit  Company-  and  the 
Lemon  Growers'  Exchange,  which  are  conducted  ui)on 
co-operative  principles.  There  are,  however,  a  few 
growers  (notably  the  Crocker-Sperry  peojile)  who  i)ack 
and  market  their  own  fruit. 

The  co-operative  system  of  marketing  saves  the 
grower  much  work  and  care  and  gives  him  the  best 
return  for  his  fruit  possible.  All  the  grower  has  to  do 
is  to  deliver  his  fruit  to  the  packing  house,  take  his 
receipt,  and  the  next  thing  is  to  receive  a  cheque  for  the 
net  proceeds  accompanied  by  a  full  jiccount  of  sales  and 
expenses. 


100  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


Each  month's  lemons  are  pooled  by  themselves,  as 
this  method  seems  to  be  the  fairest  to  all  and  gives  con- 
venient periods  for  settlement.  Two  or  three  months 
are  generally  necessar\^  in  which  to  cure,  pack,  ship, 
make  collections  and  final  settlement  for  any  particular 
month's  deliveries  of  lemons.  By  this  system  the  small 
growers  share  in  all  the  economies  and  advantages  of 
a  large  business. 

Lemons  are  shipped  to  most  of  the  hirge  markets  of 
the  United  States  and  to  some  foreign  countries. 

RESULTS. 

Where  the  grower  has  an  ample  supply  of  water, 
good  land,  and  conducts  his  business  understandingh' 
and  energetically,  lemon  growing  is  giving  ver\^  good 
results. 

For  this  business  year,  ending  October  31st,  1899, 
grov^ers  received  an  average  of  a  little  more  than  two 
cents  per  lb.  for  all  their  lemons  including  culls.  For 
the  summer  months,  prices  are  higher  than  for  the  early 
average  and  for  the  winter  low^er ;  so  the  growers'  aim 
should  be  to  have  as  large  a  proportion  as  possible  of 
his  picking  during  the  summer  season. 

For  the  Julj^  picking  of  this  year  (1900)  one  grower 
netted  $514,50  from  550  trees  growing  on  6  acres  of 
land,  the  trees  being  six  years  of  age.  This  is  probably 
about  the  average,  as  the  orchard  has  the  best  of 
care. 

The  lemon  harvest  goes  on  during  every  month  of 
the  year  in  the  Santa  Barbara  climate,  so  that  the 
grower  receives  returns  all  through  the  year. 

The  crop  of  lemons  grov^n  in  Santa  Barbara  county 
for  twelve  months  ending  August  1st,  1900,  was  about 
80,000  boxes,  and  the  quantit\^  is  constanth'  increas- 
ing. The  business  is  an  agreeable  one,  much  of  the 
work  being  light,  and  the  trees  themselves,  with  their 
fragrant,  arbutus-like  blossoms  and  beautiful  foliage, 
have  many  aesthetic  attractions.  Man^^  of  the  orchards 
are  situated  amidst  most  charming  surroundings  on 
the  foothills  of  our  mountains  overlooking  the  sea,  and, 


SANTA   BARBARA, CAL.  101 

altogether,  the  business  is  one  which  particularly 
appeals  to  people  of  culture  and  refinement,  and  man}- 
such  are  engaged  therein.  For  tree  lovers,  it  has  special 
charms. 


THE  ENGLISH  WALNUT. 

In  his  fifth  biennial  report  (1895-6)  Hon.  B.  M.  Le- 
long.  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Horticulture, 
says,  "The  walnut  is  a  native  of  Persia,  and  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  introduced  into  our  state  by  the 
Franciscan  Monks  during  the  establishment  of  the  Cal- 
ifornia Missions  in  1760." 

Santa  Barbar  county  was  one  of  the  first  sections  of 
the  state  to  begin  the  planting  of  walnut  orchards  on  a 
large  scale,  and  it  enjo3'S  the  distinction  of  having  origi- 
nated v^'hat  is  now  commonly  known  as  the  soft  shell, 
and  which  was  for  man^^  years  known  as  the  Santa 
Barbara  soft  shell.  The  output  of  Santa  Barbara 
county  in  1899  approximated  675  tons  and  was  sold 
for  about  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

SOIL   AND   MOISTURE. 

The  soil  required  is  a  deep,  sand}-  loam,  which  is 
improved  by  a  slight  admixture  of  adobe,  which  has  no 
hardpan,  and  where  surface  water  is  found  at  from  ten 
to  twenty -five  feet  in  the  drv'  season  of  the  year.  In 
short,  the  soil  should  be  the  best  quality  of  com  land. 
The  acreage  of  this  quality'  of  land  is  comparatively 
limited,  and  is  found  chiefly  at  Goleta  and  Carpintcria. 

CLIMATE. 

The  climate  best  suited  to  the  production  of  walnuts 
is  one  where  the  average  annual  rainfall  is  from  fifteen 
to  twenty  inches,  where  frosts  are  vci-y  light  in  winter, 
where  very  hot  winds  do  not  prevail  in  summer,  and 
where  there  is  an  abundance  of  warm,  moist  fog  during 


102  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 


the  summer  months, — all  of  whieli  arc  eharaeteristie 
elimatic  conditions  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city  of  Santa 
Barbara. 

VARIETIES. 

There  are  three  principal  varieties  of  nuts  grown, 
which  are  known  respective^  as  hard  shell,  paper  shell 
and  soft  shell,  the  latter  being  a  cross  betw^een  the 
other  two.  The  most  profitable  variet3^  is  the  soft 
shell.  The  trees  are  the  thriftiest,  bear  the  3'oungest, 
mature  the  nuts  earliest  in  the  season,  produce  the  most 
abundantly,  are  the  most  easily  harvested,  require  the 
least  labor  and  skill  to  prepare  for  the  market,  look  the 
best  and  command  the  highest  price. 

PLANTING. 

Two  year  old  trees,  which  should  be  from  three  to 
five  feet  high,  are  the  favorite  age  and  size  for  planting. 
Although  most  orchards  thus  far  have  been  planted 
with  the  trees  forty  feet  apart,  it  is  now  pretty  gener- 
ally considered  that  fiftj^  feet  is  the  proper  distance. 
They  should  be  planted  in  the  early  spring  time,  sa^^  in 
the  month  of  March,  v\^hen  the  soil  is  in  suitable  condi- 
tion, and  the  weather  favorable,  the  time  varying 
according  to  these  circumstances  from  four  to  six  weeks. 
The  trees  should  by  all  means  be  planted  before  the 
leaves  appear. 

CULTIVATION   AND   PRUNING. 

The  soil  should  be  thoroughly  cultivated,  and  no 
w-eeds  allowed  to  grow  in  it.  In  the  absence  of  irriga- 
tion facilities,  thorough  cultivation  has  proven  suffi- 
cient for  the  conservation  of  an  abundance  of  moisture 
in  all  ordinary  seasons,  and  there  has  never  yet  been  a 
season  so  dry  as  to  cause  a  failure  of  the  crop  w^herethe 
cultivation  w^as  thorough.  No  pruning  should  be 
done,  except  for  the  purpose  of  making  thorough  culti- 
vation possible. 

OTHER    CROPS. 

For  the  first  four  or  five  years,  crops  of  com,  squashes, 


SANTA    BARBARA, CAL.  103 


beets  and  beans  can  be  raised  between  the  rows  of 
trees,  care  being  taken  to  not  plant  nearer  than,  say 
eight  feet  of  the  trees.  After  four  or  five  years,  the  trees 
win  require  all  the  ground,  but  the  necessity  for  plant- 
ing other  crops  will  have  passed ,  for  at  that  age  the 
trees  should  become  profitable. 

HARVESTING. 

The  gathering  of  the  nuts  usually  begins  in  the  latter 
part  of  September.  It  is  a  ver3'  simple  process^  consist- 
ing only  of  shaking  the  trees  and  picking  up  the  nuts  b^- 
hand.  In  Goleta  and  Carpinteria  entire  families  are 
employed  in  this  work,  who  frequently  establish  their 
camps  in  the  orchards ;  and  in  order  that  the  children 
may  have  an  opportunity  to  earn  some  money,  the 
public  schools  give  what  is  called  "the  walnut  vaca- 
tion," which  lasts  about  six  weeks.  We  hope  this  cus- 
tom ^^ill  be  continued,  as  it  has  proven  to  be  a  great 
boon  to  the  families  of  the  poor,  as  w^ell  as  encourag- 
ing thrift  among  the  school  children. 

PREPARING    FOR   MARKET. 

The  nuts  are  first  thoroughly  dried  in  wooden  trap's, 
usually  in  the  sunshine,  but  better  in  the  shade  to  pre- 
vent their  cracking  open.  They  are  then  graded  over 
a  one  inch  wire  mesh,  those  passing  over  being  called 
number  ones,  and  those  that  drop  through  being  called 
number  twos.  They  are  then  put  through  a  bleaching 
process  to  "shine  them  up."  Sulphur  was  formerly 
used  for  this  purpose,  but  a  much  more  effectual  method 
has  recently  l3een  adopted,  which  consists  of  dipping 
the  nuts  in  a  bleaching  fluid.  By  this  the  appearance  is 
very  greatly  improved,  with  no  dunnage  to  the  nut 
when  the  work  is  rightly  done. 

The  nuts  are  then  allowed  to  dry  off,  after  which 
they  are  put  into  sacks  containing  a  little  more  than 
100  pounds  each,  and  then  loaded  on  the  cars  to  l)c 
shipped. 

MARKETING. 

It  is  estimated  that  about   one  half  the   output   is 


104  CHAMBER   OF   COMMERCE, 


handled  b^-  the  Sant^i  Btirbara  County  Walnut  Grow- 
ers' Association.  The  association  has  only  been  in 
existence  since  1896. 

San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles  and  Eastern  buyers  and 
commission  men  usually  enter  into  sharp  competition 
with  each  other  for  the  purchase  or  handling  of  the 
crop,  for  there  is  very  little  danger  of  over  production. 

PROFITS. 

It  costs  about  $20.00  per  ton  to  produce  soft  shell 
walnuts  when  the  orchard  is  in  its  prime — say  from  ten 
to  tw^enty-five  j^ears  of  age;  and  the  nuts  are  now^  selling 
at  something  over  $150.00  per  ton.  A  good  orchard 
should  average  as  much  as  one  ton  per  acre  each  year. 

In  the  year  1899  one  of  the  best  orchards  in  Goleta 
yielded  3339y2  pounds  per  acre,  and  the  net  value  after 
paying  all  expenses  of  cultivation  and  harvesting,  was 
$231  per  acre. 

But  the  yield  of  nuts  per  acre,  and  also  the  price  for 
which  they  sold  were  both  above  the  average,  and  this 
mav  be  considered  as  the  maximum  result. 


FOREST  RESERVES. 

When  the  Zaca  Lake  and  Pine  Mountain  reserve  was 
formed,  the  public,  not  being  entirely  familiar  with  the 
working  of  the  reserve  system,  was  divided  on  the 
question  of  its  merits. 

Now  the  opponents  of  the  system  are  not  to  be 
found.  Its  success  has  been  fully  demonstrated.  The 
destructive  fires  of  former  3'ears  have  not  been  wit- 
nessed since  the  reser\^e  has  been  patrolled  by  the  effi- 
cient corps  of  rangers.  The  cutting  of  trails  to  make 
the  reserve  more  accessible  for  patrol  renders  it  also 
more  accessible  to  the  camper,  hunter  and  prospector 
to  whose  presence  there  is  no  objection  so  long  as  they 
obey  the  regulations  of  the  reserve  and  the  game  laws. 


SANTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  105 


It  is  believed  that  the  creation  of  these  reserves  will 
hasten  the  establishment  of  storage  reservoirs  for  the 
impounding  of  storm  waters.  The  government  now 
controls  and  can  protect  the  reservoir  sites,  and  the 
construction  of  these  reservoirs  under  federal  direction 
would  mean  more  to  California  than  any  other 
improvement  to  be  conceived. 

The  Pine  Mountain  and  Zaca  Lake  reserve  was  cre- 
ated in  May,  1898,  and  contains  700,000  acres.  The 
Santa  Ynez  reserve  was  fonned  in  October,  1899,  and 
includes  150,000  acres. 

In  1899  there  were  180  acres  burned  over  in  the  wes- 
tern division  of  the  Pine  mountain  and  Zaca  lake.  In 
1900  there  were  burned  over  75  acres  in  the  Pine  Moun- 
tain reserve,  and  100  acres  in  the  Santa  Ynez  reserve,  a 
total  of  355  acres  for  the  two  years.  Not  one  day  in 
the  entire  365  was  there  smoke  in  Santa  Barbara  from 
mountain  fires,  quite  contrary'  to  former  years.  In 
1899  there  were  8000  acres  burned  over  on  the  Santa 
Ynez  range  v^^hen  it  v^as  not  included  in  the  reserve, 
just  7000  acres  more  than  in  1900,  when  it  was  under 
the  operation  of  the  reserve  system,  patrolled  by  the 
mounted  rangers. 

Of  these  rangers,  there  are  eight  on  the  Pine  Moun- 
tain reserve,  with  three  extra  during  the  fire  season; 
and  four  on  the  Santa  Ynez ;  a  total  of  fifteen  during 
the  summer. 

At  the  close  of  the  fire  season,  the  rangers  who  arc 
retained  devote  their  time  and  attention  to  cutting 
trails  in  the  localities  selected  iDy  the  supervisor. 

One  of  the  most  scenic  trails  is  the  Summit  trail, 
which  runs  along  the  crest  of  the  Santa  Ynez  range,  and 
on  which  the  rangers  are  now  working,  one  party  of 
four  back  of  Carpinteria,  to  which  point  a  good  trail 
has  been  cut  from  Romero  canyon.  The  views  from 
this  trail  are  probably  unsurpassed  anywhere  in  the 
state.  Riding  along  the  crest,  one  sees  on  the  south  the 
verdant  valley-  which  lies  along  the  coast,  the  ocean, 
and  then  the  islands ;  while  on  the  north  are  in  jilain 
view     the    San    Rafael    range,  Sierra  Madrc    del   Sur 


106  CHAMBER   OF   COMMERCE, 

mountains,  Big  Pine  and  Little  Pineries,  San  Emidio, 
and  far  awa^'  to  the  region  of  Catalina,  Old  Baldy  and 
the  southland,  which  is  a  perfect  panorama  of  moun- 
tain, vale,  ocean,  islands  and  landscape. 

Eventually  the  trail,  when  completed,  will  go  from 
Gaviota  to  Matilija,  in  Ventura  county,  and  cover  a 
length  of  ninet}^  miles,  as  the  trail  runs.  In  addition  to 
this  are  the  cross-trails  which  intersect  at  different 
points. 


SAXTA   BARBARA,  CAL.  1(J' 


REFERENCE  INDEX, 

There  is  a  great  lack  of  reliable  standard  works  on 
California  owing  to  the  newness  of  the  country,  its 
great  size  and  the  difterence  in  climatic  conditions. 

The  following  maj^  be  mentioned  as  reliable  and 
showing  the  latest  results : 

The  California  Vegetable  in  Garden  and  Field,  by  E. 
J.  Wickson,  A.  M.;  large  octavo,  336  pages,  price  $2.00, 
post  paid.  Pacific  Rural  Press  publications,  330  Mar- 
ket street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

The  California  Fruits  and  How  to  Grow  Them,  by  E. 
J.  Wickson,  A.  M.;  third  edition,  large  octavo,  4-80 
pages,  price  $2.00  post  paid.  Pacific  Rural  Press,  pub- 
lishers, 330  Market  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Gardening  in  California,  by  Wm.  S.  Lyon,  published 
by  Geo.  Rice  and  Sons,  311  High  street,  Los  Angeles, 
California. 

Reports  and  Bulletins  of  the  College  of  Agriculture 
and  Experimental  Station,  Prof.  E.  W.  Hilgard,  Berke- 
le3^  California. 

Reports  and  Bulletins  of  the  State  Board  of  Horti- 
culture, Hon.  B.  Emily  Long,  Sacramento,  California. 

Reports  of  the  State  Agriculture  Society,  P.J.  Shields, 
Esq.,  Sacramento,  California. 

Climatic  Conditions  of  Santa  Barbara,  by  Dr.  C.  M. 
Richter,  a  special  and  scientific  report,  in  course  of  pul)li- 
cation,  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Santa  Barbara, 
California. 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA   LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


OlSCHARGE-URl 


EETURBED  TO  UCHT? 


T'.*- 


^•Lj:. 


DEC/ 


1978 


Form  L9-Series  444 


I    N^ 


^'      J-.- 


# 


ACMflyfl6i996 


li 


i>»r'rt 


3   1158  00162  7552 


^ 


n 


UC  SOUTHER' 


■CILITY 


AA       001  335  594 


j 
I 


